35 Intro to haematology Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the properties of a haemopoetic stem cell: (4).

A

Differential potential for all lineages.
High proliferative potential.
Long term activity throughout lifespan.
Self renewal.

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2
Q

Describe the four fates of a haemopoetic stem cell.

A

Symmetric self renewal: no progeny differentiation.
Asymmetric self renewal: 50% progeny differentiation.
Lack of self renewal: all progeny differentiate.
Lack of self renewal: no progeny.

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3
Q

Which blood cells are of myeloid lineage?

A

Granulocytes.
Erythrocytes.
Platelets.

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4
Q

Which blood cells are of lymphoid lineage?

A

B-lymphocytes.

T-lymphocytes.

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5
Q

When does heamopoesis start?

A

Day 9 of the trophoblast.

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6
Q

When does foetal haemopoesis start for the second time?

Describe the process.

A

Day 27 in the gonadal mesonephros region.

Expands rapidly after day 35, disappears at day 40 when cells migrate to liver.

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7
Q

Describe the lifespan and shape of red blood cells.

A

120 days.

Biconcave discs 7.5µM diameter.

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8
Q

When does relative polycythaemia occur?

A

When plasma volume is reduced.

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9
Q

What are the three types of granulocytes?

A

Eosinophils.
Basophils.
Neutrophils.

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10
Q

Which type of white cell is the most common in adult blood?

Lifespan?

A

Neutrophils.

Hours.

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11
Q

Which blood cell is part of the primitive immune system?

A

Basophils.

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12
Q

What is the function of monocytes?

A

Phagocytes.

Antigen presenting cells.

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13
Q

What are the other names for monocytes? (3)

A

Macrophages/histiocytes when in tissue.
Kupffer cells in liver.
Langerhaan cells in skin.

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14
Q

What are the four types of lymphocytes?

A

Natural killer cells.
B lymphocytes.
T lymphocytes.
Plasma cells.

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15
Q

What is the simple function of NK cells?

A

Recognise non self cells.

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16
Q

Simply, what are B lymphocytes involved in?

A

Adaptive/humoral immunity.

17
Q

Simply, what are the function of T lymphocytes? (4)

A

Adaptive immune system.
Target cytotoxicity.
Regulate immune response.
Interact with B cells and macrophages.

18
Q

What are platelets derived from?

A

Bone marrow megakaryocytes.

19
Q

What does a full blood count include?

A

Haemoglobin concentration.
Mean cell volume and mean cell haemoglobin.
White cell count.
Platelet count.

20
Q

Where is a bone marrow aspirate taken from?

A

Posterior iliac crest of the pelvis.

21
Q

What percentage of results fall within reference ranges?

A

95%.

22
Q

What are the causes of microcytic hypo chromic anaemia? (5).

A
Iron deficiency.
Thalassaemia.
Lead poisoning.
Deficiency of chronic disease (some).
Sideroblastic anaemia (some).
23
Q

What causes normocytic normochromic anaemia? (6).

A
Haemolytic anaemia.
Anaemia of chronic disease (some).
Acute blood loss.
Renal disease.
Mixed deficiencies.
Bone marrow failure.
24
Q

What causes microcytic anaemia? (4,2)

A

Non-megaloblastic: alcohol, liver disease, myelodysplasia, aplastic anaemia.
Megaloblastic: vit B12/folate deficiency.