57 Musculoskeletal 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an arthritidies?

A

Any inflammation causing pain and stiffness in the joints.

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2
Q

Which underlying diseases are often found in osteoarthritis? (2).

A

Obesity.

Diabetes.

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3
Q

Differentiate between the common sites of osteoarthritis in women and men.

A

Women: kees and hands.
Men: hips.

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4
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis: (3).

A

Cartilage erosion.
Bony spur formation.
Subchondral cyst formation.

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5
Q

What is the molecular pathogenesis of OA? (2).

A

Chondrocytes release IL-1 initiating matrix breakdown.

Prostaglandin derivatives induce lytic enzyme release - preventing formation.

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6
Q

What involvement in fingers is found in OA? (2).

A

Herberden’s nodes.

Bouchard’s nodes.

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7
Q

Describe the Robbins Pathologic basis of RA: (3).

A

Synoviocyte hyperplasia produces pannus which erodes cartilage.
Continued erosion penetrates subchondral bone and forms cysts.
Ankylosis: pannus fills joint space.

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8
Q

What are the first symptoms of RA? (3).

A

Malaise.
Fatigue.
Generalised MSK pain.

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9
Q

Which genes confer genetic susceptibility to RA? (2).

A

HLA DR4/DR1.

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10
Q

What are the exogenous arthritogens involved in RA? (3).

A

EBV.
Virus’.
Borrelia.

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11
Q

What are the mediators of joint damage in RA? (5)

A

CD4 T cells.
IL 1, IL 6.
TNF α + β.

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12
Q

Name four serognegative arthritides:

A

Ankylosing spondylitis.
Reiter’s syndrome.
Psoriatic arthritis.
Enteropathic arthritis.

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13
Q

What are the clinical features of gout? (4).

A

Acute + transient arthritis.
Chronic arthritis.
Tophi (uric acid deposition in joints).
Gouty nephropathy.

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14
Q

What are the three signs of infective arthritis?

A

Fever.
Leucocytosis.
Elevated ESR.

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15
Q

What are the causes of secondary osteoporosis? (4).

A

Hyperparathyroidism.
Type 1 diabetes.
Multiple myeloma.
Malnutrition.

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16
Q

Which infection leeds to paget’s disease of the bone?

A

Paramyxovirus.

17
Q

Where does Paget’s disease of the bone occur most commonly?

A

Axial and proximal skeleton.

18
Q

What is Osteitis fibrosa cystica?

A

Loss of bone mineral with osteoporosis.

19
Q

Which changes are seen in renal osteodystrophy? (5).

A
Increased osteoclastic bone resorption.
Delayed matrix mineralization.
Osteosclerosis.
Growth retardation.
Osteoporosis.