Chapter 8 The Digestive System Medical Terms Flashcards
1
Q
a radiographic procedure that produces a detailed cross-section of the tissue structure within the abdomen
A
abdominal computed tomography
2
Q
a noninvasive test used to visualize internal organs by using very high frequency sound waves
A
abdominal ultrasound
3
Q
an abnormal growth of bacteria in the mouth
A
acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (trench mouth)
4
Q
excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking
A
aerophagia
5
Q
a small crack-like sore in the skin of the anus that can cause severe pain during a bowel movement
A
anal fissure
6
Q
a surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures
A
anastomosis
7
Q
the loss of appetite for food, especially when caused by a disease
A
anorexia
8
Q
an eating disorder characterized by a false perception of body appearance that leads to a refusal to maintain a normal body weight
A
anorexia nervosa
9
Q
the visual examination of the anal canal and lower rectum
A
anoscopy
10
Q
medications to relieve indigestion or help peptic ulcers heal by neutralizing stomach acids
A
antacids
11
Q
medication administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting
A
antiemetic
12
Q
gray-white pits with a red border in the soft tissues lining the mouth
A
aphthous ulcers (canker sores or mouth ulcers)
13
Q
an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity
A
ascites
14
Q
performed to treat morbid obesity by restricting the amount of food that can enter the stomach and be digested
A
bariatric surgery
15
Q
the branch of medicine for the prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases
A
bariatrics
16
Q
a condition that occurs when the cells in the epithelial tissue of the esophagus are damged by chronic acid exposure
A
Barrett’s esophagus
17
Q
a number that shows body weigh adjusted for height
A
body mass index (BMI)
18
Q
the inability to control excretion of feces
A
bowel incontinence
19
Q
involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth that usually occurs during sleep
A
bruxism
20
Q
an eating disorder characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors, such as self-induced vomiting
A
bulimia nervosa
21
Q
physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS
A
cachexia
22
Q
a tiny video camera in a capsule that the patient swallows that transmits images of the walls of the small intestine
A
capsule endoscopy
23
Q
an inherited autoimmune disorder characterized by a severe reaction to foods containing gluten
A
celiac disease (gluten intolerance)
24
Q
a disorder of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth
A
cheilosis (cheilitis)
25
a radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium
cholangiography
26
an acute inflammation of the bile duct characterized by pain in the upper-right quadrant of the abdomen, fever, and jaundice
cholangitis
27
the surgical removal of the gallbladder
cholecystectomy
28
inflammation of the gallbladder that is usually associated with gallstones
cholecystitis
29
an incision in the common bile duct for the removal of gallstones
choledocholithotomy
30
the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile duct
cholelithiasis
31
destructive epidermal cyst in the middle ear made up of epithelial cells and cholesterol
cholesteatoma
32
a chronic degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring
cirrhosis
33
a birth defect resulting in a deep groove of the lip running upward to the nose
cleft lip (harelip)
34
failure of the palate to close during the early development of the fetus that involves the upper lip, hard palate, and/or soft palate
cleft palate
35
surgical removal of all or part of the colon
colectomy
36
direct visual examination of the inner surface of the colon from the rectum to the cecum
colonoscopy
37
a common form of cancer that often first manifests itself in polyps in the colon
colorectal carcinoma (colon cancer)
38
the surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface
colostomy
39
a surgical incision into the colon
colotomy
40
having a bowel movement fewer than three times per week
constipation
41
a bacterial-infection common to older adults in hospitals or long-term care facilities
clostridium difficile (C. diff)
42
a chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; however, it is more often found in the ileum and in the colon
Crohn's disease
43
a condition in which fluid loss exceeds fluid intake and disrupts the body's normal electrolyte balance
dehydration
44
hardened dental plaque on the teeth
dental calculus (tartar)
45
an infectious disease that destroys the enamel and dentin of the tooth
dental caries (tooth decay or cavity)
46
a soft deposit consisting of bacteria and bacterial by-products that builds up on the teeth
dental plaque
47
the professional cleaning of the teeth to remove plaque and calculus
dental prophylaxis
48
the abnormally frequent flow of loose or watery stools
diarrhea
49
surgical removal of a diverticulum
diverticulectomy
50
inflammation or infection of one or more diverticula in the wall of the colon
diverticulitis
51
the chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticula in the wall of the colon
diverticulosis
52
a small pouch or sac occurring in the lining or wall of a tubular organ
diverticulum
53
a bacterial infection spread through food or water contaminated by human feces
dysentery
54
pain or discomfort in digestion
dyspepsia (indigestion)
55
difficulty in swallowing
dysphagia
56
infection caused by the bacteria Escherichia coli, transmitted through improperly cooked, contaminated foods
E. coli
57
the reflex ejection of the stomach contents outward through the mouth
emesis (vomitting)
58
a small, flexible tube with a light and lens on the end
endoscope
59
the placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity
enema
60
inflammation of the small intestine caused by eating or drinking substances contaminated with viral or bacterial pathogens
enteritis
61
the act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach
eructation
62
enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus
esophogeal varices
63
the endoscopic examination of the upper GI tract
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
64
a hard deposit that forms in the gallbladder and bile ducts
gallstone (cholelith)
65
tissue death caused by a loss of circulation to the affected tissues
gangrene
66
apain in the stomach
gastralgia
67
surgical removal of all or a part of the stomach
gastrectomy
68
inflammation of the stomach
gastritis
69
the establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum
gastroduodenostomy
70
pain in the stomach
gastrodynia
71
inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the stomach and intestines
gastroenteritis
72
the upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
73
the excessive secretion gastric juice or mucus in the stomach
gastrorrhea
74
any disease of the stomach
gastrosis
75
a surgical placed feeding tube from the exterior of the body directly into the stomach
gastrostomy tube (G-tube)
76
surgical removal of diseased gingival tissue
gingivectomy
77
inflammation of the gums; the earliest stage of periodontal disease
gingivitis
78
an unpleasant odor coming from the mouth
halitosis (bad breath)
79
the vomiting of blood
hematemesis
80
the flow of bright red blood in the stool
hematochezia
81
a laboratory test for hidden blood in the stools
hemoccult test (fecal occult blood test)
82
the surgical removal of hemorrhoids
hemorrhoidectomy
83
a condition that occurs when a cluster of enlarged veins, muscles, and tissues slip near or through the anal opening
hemorrhoids
84
the surgical removal of all or party of the liver
hepatectomy
85
inflammation of the liver
hepatitis
86
abnormal enlargement of the liver
hepatomegaly
87
the protrusion of a part or structure through the tissue normally containing it
hernia
88
blister-like sores on the lips caused by HSV-1
herpes labialis (cold sores or fever blisters)
89
the protrusion of part of the stomach through an opening in the diaphragm
hiatal hernia
90
extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration
hyperemesis
91
the surgical removal of the ileum
ileectomy
92
the surgical creation of an artificial opening between the ileum and the outside of the abdominal wall
ileostomy
93
the partial of complete blockage of the small and/or large intestine
ileus (paralytic ileus)
94
the general name for diseases that cause inflammation and swelling in the intestines
inflammatory bowel disease
95
the protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin
inguinal hernia
96
the partial of complete blockage of the small and/or large intestine caused by a physical obstruction
intestinal obstruction
97
fluid administered into a vein to combat the effects of dehydration
intravenous fluid
98
the telescoping of one part of the small intestine into the opening of an immediately adjacent part
intussusception
99
a common condition of unknown cause with symptoms that can include intermittent cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, and/or diarrhea
irritable bowel syndrome (spastic colon)
100
a condition that occurs when part of the large intestine is partially or completely deprived of blood
ischemic colitis
101
a yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes
jaundice
102
medications or foods given to stimulation bowel movements
laxatives
103
an abnormal white precancerous lesion that develops inside the mouth in response to chronic irritation
leukoplakia
104
an option for a patient whose liver has failed for a reason other than liver cancer
liver transplant
105
a condition in which the small intestine cannot absorb nutrients from the food that passes through it
malabsorption
106
a lack of proper food or nutrients in the body, due to a shortage of food, poor eating habits, or the inability of the body to digest, absorb, and distribute these nutrients
malnutrition
107
specialized surgery of the face and jaws to correct deformities, treat diseases, and repair injuries
maxillofacial surgery
108
the passage of black, tarry, and foul-smelling stools
melena
109
the condition of weighing two or more times the ideal weight or having a body mass index value greater than 40
morbid obesity (severe obesity)
110
the placement of a tube through the nose and into the stomach
nasogastric intubation
111
the urge to vomit
nausea
112
describes the accumulation of fat in the liver of people who drink little or no alcohol
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
113
a more serious form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, consists of fatty accumulations plus liver-damaging inflammation
nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
114
an excessive accumulation of fat in the body
obesity
115
a physician specializing in surgery of the face and jaws to correct deformities, treat diseases, and repair injuries
oral or maxillofacial surgeon
116
treatment in which a solution of electrolytes is administered in a liquid preparation to counteract dehydration
oral rehydration therapy
117
a type of stomatomycosis caused by the fungus candida albicans
oral thrush
118
a surgical procedure to create an artificial opening between an organ and the body surface
ostomy
119
surgical repair of a cleft palate or lip
palatoplasty
120
sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system
peptic ulcers
121
inflammation of the tissues that surround and support the teeth
periodontal disease (periodontitis)
122
an abnormal craving or appetite for nonfood substances such as dirt that lasts for at least one month
pica
123
mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane
polyp
124
excessive hunger
polyphagia
125
surgical fixation of a prolapsed rectum to an adjacent tissue or organ
proctopexy
126
medications that decrease the amount of acid produced by the stomach
proton pump inhibitors
127
the burning sensation caused by the return of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus
pyrosis (heart burn)
128
a bulging of the front wall of the rectum into the vagina
rectocele
129
the return of swallowed food into the mouth
regurgitation
130
an infectious disease transmitted by feces, either through direct contact or by eating contaminated raw or undercooked food
salmonellosis (salmonella)
131
the endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possible a portion of the descending colon
sigmoidoscopy
132
the presence of excess fat in stool
steatorrhea
133
inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth
stomatitis
134
any disease of the mouth due to a fungus
stomatomycosis
135
specimens of feces that are examined for content and characteristics
stool samples
136
a condition that occurs when a portion of the intestine is constricted inside the hernia and its blood supply is cut off
strangulated hernia
137
a specialized solution administered intravenously to patients who cannot or should not get their nutrition through eating
total parenteral nutrition
138
any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer
trismus
139
an open sore or lesion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting in tissue loss around the edges
ulcer
140
a chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestines cause ulcers and irritation
ulcerative colitis
141
radiographic studies to examine the digestive system. a contrast medium is used to make these structures visible
upper GI series and lower GI series
142
twisting of the intestine on itself, causing an obstruction
volvulus
143
a lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands
xerostomia (dry mouth)
