Chapter 12 Skin The Integumentary System A&P

Question 1

is made up of the skin and its related structures, performs important functions in maintaining the health of the body

Answer 1

integumentary system

Question 2

forms the protective outer covering the external surfaces of the entire body

Answer 2

skin

Question 3

secrete sebum (oil) that lubricates the skin and discourages the growth of bacteria on the skin

Answer 3

sebaceous glands

Question 4

help regulate body temperature and water content by secreting sweat.

Answer 4

sudoriferous glands

Question 5

helps control the loss of body heat

Answer 5

hair

Question 6

protects the dorsal surface of the last bone of each toe and finger

Answer 6

nails

Question 7

what are the three layers of the skin

Answer 7

epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous

Question 8

means pertaining to the skin

Answer 8

cutaneous

Question 9

is the outermost layer of the skin, is made up of several specialized epithelial tissues

Answer 9

epidermis

Question 10

form a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body

Answer 10

epithelial tissues

Question 11

forms the upper layer of the epidermis. consists of flat, scaly cells that are continuously shed

Answer 11

squamous epithelial tissue

Question 12

is the lowest layer of the epidermis. here that new cells are produced and then pushed upward

Answer 12

basal layer

Question 13

is a fibrous, water-repellent protein. is a primary component of the epidermis

Answer 13

keratin

Question 14

are special cells that are also found in the basal layer. produce and contain a dark brown to black pigment known as melanin

Answer 14

melanocytes

Question 15

is the pigment that determines the color of the skin, which depends upon the type and amount of this pigment present

Answer 15

melanin

Question 16

refers to light that is beyond the visible spectrum at the violet end. some help the skin produce vitamin D, others damage the skin

Answer 16

ultraviolet

Question 17

also known as the corium, is the thick layer of living tissue directly below the epidermis

Answer 17

dermis

Question 18

in the dermis are sensory receptors for stimuli such as touch, temperature, pain, and pressure

Answer 18

sensory nerve endings

Question 19

means glue, is a tough, yet flexible, fibrous protein material found in the skin

Answer 19

collagen

Question 20

found in the connective tissue of the dermis, respond to injury, infection, or allergy by producing and releasing substances, including heparin and histamine

Answer 20

mast cells

Question 21

which is released in response to an injury, is an anticoagulant

Answer 21

heparin

Question 22

prevents blood clotting

Answer 22

heparin

Question 23

is released in response to allergens, causes the signs of an allergic response, including itching and increased mucus secretion

Answer 23

histamine

Question 24

is located just below the layers of the skin and connects the skin to the surface muscle

Answer 24

subcutaneous layer

Question 25

layer is made up of loose connective tissue fat

Answer 25

adipose tissue

Question 26

means fat

Answer 26

adipose

Question 27

is a term used to describe deposits of dimpled fat around the buttocks and thighs.

Answer 27

cellulite

Question 28

also known as fat cells, are predominant in the subcutaneous layer where they manufacture and store large quantities of fat

Answer 28

lipocytes

Question 29

are located in the dermis layer of the skin and closely associated with hair follicles

Answer 29

sebaceous glands

Question 30

is an oily substance that is released through ducts opening into the hair follicles

Answer 30

sebum

Question 31

modified sebaceous glands, are sometimes classified with the integumentary system

Answer 31

mammary glands

Question 32

also known as sudoriferous glands, are tiny, coiled glands found on almost all body surfaces

Answer 32

sweat glands

Question 33

are the opening on the surface of the skin that act as the ducts of the sweat glands

Answer 33

pores

Question 34

commonly known as sweat, is secreted by sweat glands and is made up of 99% water plus some salt and metabolic waste products

Answer 34

perspiration

Question 35

is the production and excretion of perspiration

Answer 35

hidrosis

Question 36

fibers are rod-like structures composed of tightly fused, dead, protein cells filled with hard keratin

Answer 36

hair

Question 37

are the sacs that hold the root of the hair fibers. shape determines whether the hair is straight or curly

Answer 37

hair follicles

Question 38

are tiny muscle fibers attached to the hair follicles that cause the hair to stand erect

Answer 38

arrector pili

Question 39

which is commonly known as a fingernail or toenail, is the keratin plate that protects the dorsal surface of the last bone of each finger

Answer 39

unguis

Question 40

is translucent, is closely molded to the surface of the underlying tissues

Answer 40

nail body

Question 41

joins the nail body to the under lying connective tissue, nourishes the nail

Answer 41

nail bed

Question 42

is the portion of the nail not attached to the nail bed

Answer 42

free edge

Question 43

is a pale half-moon shaped region at every nail root, which generally most easily seen in the thumbnail

Answer 43

lunula

Question 44

is a narrow band of epidermis attached to the surface of the nail just in front of the root

Answer 44

cuticle

Question 45

fastens the nail to the finger or toe by fitting into a groove in the skin

Answer 45

nail root

Question 46

is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the skin

Answer 46

dermatologist

Question 47

is a physician who specializes in the surgical restoration and reconstruction of the body structures

Answer 47

plastic surgeon

Question 48

are plastic surgeons who perform operations such as breast augmentation, liposuction, and face lifts that are usually done for aesthetic rather than medical reasons

Answer 48

cosmetic surgeons

Question 49

is a form of seborrheic dermatitis, as is the scalp rash in infants

Answer 49

dandruff, craddle cap

Question 50

is an accidental puncture wound caused by a used hypodermic needle, potentially transmitting an infection

Answer 50

needlestick injury

Question 51

also known as fifth disease, is a mildly contagious viral infection that is common in childhood. produces a red, lace-like rash on the child's face that looks as if the child has been slapped

Answer 51

erythema infectious

Question 52

is a skin disorder resulting from a generalized allergic reaction to an illness, infection, or medication

Answer 52

erythema multiform

Question 53

also known as chilblains, is a purple-red inflammation that occurs when the small blood vessels below the skin are damaged, usually due to exposure to cold and damp weather

Answer 53

erythema pernio

Question 54

is a form of erythema in which skin cells are damaged by exposure to the ultraviolet rays in sunlight

Answer 54

sunburn

Question 55

is a breaking out, or eruption, that changes the color or texture of the skin

Answer 55

rash

Question 56

is found on the scalps of children, a form of ringworm

Answer 56

tinea capitis

Question 57

is a fungal infection of the skin on the body, a form of ringworm

Answer 57

tinea corporis

Question 58

also known as jock itch, is found in the genital area, a form of ringworm

Answer 58

tinea cruris

Question 59

also known as athlete's foot, is most commonly found between the toes, a form of ringworm

Answer 59

tinea pedis

Question 60

also known as pityriasis versicolor, is a fungal infection that causes painless, discolored area of the skin, a form of ringworm

Answer 60

tinea versicolor

Question 61

is an infestation with head lice

Answer 61

pediculosis capitis

Question 62

is an infestation with body lice

Answer 62

pediculosis corporis

Question 63

is an infestation with lice in the pubic hair and pubic region

Answer 63

pediculosis pubis

Question 64

a piece, but not all, of the tumor of lesion is removed

Answer 64

incisional biopsy

Question 65

the entire tumor or lesion and a margin of surrounding tissue are removed

Answer 65

excisional biopsy

Question 66

a hollow needle is used to remove a core of tissue for examination

Answer 66

needle biopsy

Question 67

is the removal of dead epidermal cells

Answer 67

exfoliation

Question 68

known by its trade name accutane, is a powerful retinoid in pill form for the treatment of severe acne

Answer 68

isoretinoin

Question 69

is the active ingredient in Retin-A and Renova, which are used to treat sun-damaged skin, acne, and wrinkles

Answer 69

tretinoin

Question 70

is a latin term meaning common

Answer 70

vulgaris

Question 71

a comedo with an obstructed opening is called

Answer 71

whitehead (closed comedo)

Question 72

a sebum plug that is exposed to air often oxidizes and becomes a

Answer 72

blackhead (open comedo)

Question 73

is an intensely itchy rash caused by blockage of the sweat glands by bacteria and dead cells

Answer 73

heat rash (prickly heat)

Question 74

means occurring in patches

Answer 74

areata

Question 75

means total

Answer 75

universalis

Question 76

is blood trapped under a finger or toenail

Answer 76

subungual hematoma

Question 77

are verrucae that develop on the sole of the foot

Answer 77

plantar warts

Question 78

means contained within a limited area

Answer 78

circumscribed

Question 79

is a feeling of general discomfort or uneasiness that is often the first indication of an infection or other disease

Answer 79

malaise

Question 80

is decay that produces foul-smelling odor

Answer 80

putrefaction

Question 81

is a callus in the keratin layer of the skin covering the joints of the toes, usually caused by ill-filling shoes

Answer 81

clavus or corn

Question 82

removes only a fine layer of skin, so the results are temporary

Answer 82

microdermabrasion

Question 83

is an incision of a lesion, such as an abscess, and the draining of the contents

Answer 83

incision and drainage (I&D)

Question 84

are small, nonessential veins that can be seen through the skin

Answer 84

spider veins

Question 85

also known as itching, is associated with most forms of dermatitis

Answer 85

pruritus

Question 86

profuse sweating

Answer 86

diaphoresis (hyperhydrosis)