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uWorld Flashies > uWorld 47 > Flashcards

uWorld 47 Flashcards

1
Q

what is pleiotropy

A

multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic manifestations, often in different organ systems, as a result of a single genetic defect

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2
Q

what is genetic linkage

A

tendency of alleles located near one another on the same chromosome to be inherited jointly

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3
Q

what is a viral component vaccine

A

aka KILLED VACCINE

RABIES or HEP A

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4
Q

interferon alpha can treat what

A

hep B and C

hairy cell leukemia

condyloma acuminatum

Kaposi

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5
Q

do nitrates decrease SVR

A

YUP they have moderate arterodilation but mainly venodilators)

also decrease after load

decrease preload and increase venous capacitance

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6
Q

what does 2,3 BPG do

A

normally forms ionic bonds with the beta subunits of oxygenated hemoglobin A, facilitating oxygen release in the peripheral tissue

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7
Q

what is primase

A

DNA dependent DNA polymerase

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8
Q

what type of health insurance plan has low months premiums and low copayments and deductibles

A

HMO

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9
Q

what type of health insurance plan is a PCP referral NOT rewired for specialist visits

A

preferred provider organization

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10
Q

what is a preferred provider organization (PPO)

A

offer most flexible choices for both in network and out-of-network providers

higher premiums and deductibles than HMOs

large “in-network” provider panel

NO PCP REFERRAL NECESSARY for specialists

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11
Q

what s Point-of-service health insurance

A

must get PCP referral to see specialist

may see out-of-network providers (at significants costs but you can still do it)

higer premiums than HMO not as high as preferred provider organization

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12
Q

after B12 replacement in atrophic gastritis what levels increase drastically

A

reticulocyte count

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13
Q

what kind of virus is parvovirus

A

ssDNA linear (NONENVELOPED)

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14
Q

what is the most common site of UNILATERAL FETAL HYDRONEPHROSIS

A

inadequate canalization of the URETEROPELVIC JUNCTION (connection site b/w kidney and the ureter)

last segment of fetal ureter to canalize

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15
Q

what is the most common cause of BILATERAL FETAL HYDRONEPHROSIS in boys

A

POSTERIOR URETHRAL VALCES

caused by OBSTRUCTIVE, persistent urogenital membrane at the junction of the bladder and urethra

(fun fact: urethral strictures, metal stenosis, and bladder neck obstruction will also cause bilateral fetal hydronephrosis)

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16
Q

what is a NONOBSTRUCTIVE cause of fetal hydronephrosis

A

vesicoureteral reflux

17
Q

cortical branches of the major cerebral arteries cause what kind of hemorhages

A

LOBAR (usually occipital)

18
Q

what is seen in hemorrhages of pontine arteries

A

bilateral = COMA, pinpoint pupils, total paralysis

19
Q

the lenticulostriate arteries supply basal ganglia, where does this artery come form

A

MIDDLE CEREBRAL

20
Q

HORSESHOE KIDNEY gets suck on what

A

IMA

21
Q

POLYMYOSITIS

A

SYMMETRICAL PROXIMAL MUSCLE WEAKNESS (difficulty CLIMBING STAIRS, GETTING UP from CHAIR, CARRYING HEAVY OBJECTS)

ENDOMESIAL mononuclear infiltrate

elevated muscle enzymes

autoantiboeis (ANA, anti-Jo-1 aka HISTIDYL-tRNA SYNTHETASE)

can have interstitial lung disease and myocardidits with it

22
Q

both polymyositis and dermatomyositis can occur independently or what

A

as a PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROME of an underlying malignancy (especially ADENOCARCINOMA)

23
Q

ovarian mass that is YELLOW and FIRM and has small CUBOIDAL cells in sheets with GLAND-LIKE structures containing acidophilic material

A

CALL-EXNER BODIES (coffee bean nuclei) of a GRANULOSA CELL TUMOR

secretes estrogen

  • endometryal hyperplasia (post menopausal bleeding w/ thickened endometrium)
  • precocious puberty

secretes inhibition

24
Q

pt with persistent cough comes in with recent-onset headaches and dyspnea

“puffy face” for 2 weeks
no shoulder pain, heart is clear
facial swelling and conjunctival edema

dilated vessels over his neck and upper trunk

A

SUPERIOR VENA CAVA SYNDROME (MCC is LUNG CANCER that is a mediastinal mass)

25
Q

what is seen in superior vena cava syndrome

A

dyspnea cough, swelling of face, neck, and upper extremities

headaches, dizziness, and confusion may occur due to cerebral edema and elevated ICP

DIALTED COLLATERAL VEINS seen in upper torso

LUNG CANCER (mediastinal mass) IS MCC OF SVC SYNDROME

26
Q

what do eosinophils relate to kill helminths

A

MAJOR BASIC PROTEIN

fun IMPORTANT fact: contributes to damage of bronchial epithelium in patients with atopic asthma

27
Q

what does thyroid peroxidase do

A

IODINE ORGANIFCAIOTN

COUPLINE OF IODOTYROSINES

28
Q

how do you calculate half life from volume of distribution and clearance rate

A

t(1/2) = (0.7*Vd)/CL

dont forget the fucking 0.7

29
Q

what is the mutation in polycythemia vera

A

V617F mutation involving JAK2 gene (replacing valine with phenylalanine) making hematopoietic stem cells more sensitive to growth factors ;like erythropoietin and thrombopoietin

30
Q

someone with pancreatitis and anemia, what is causing the anemia

A

FOLATE DEFICIENY

fucking alcoholics get pancreatitis and alcoholics are also folate deficient

31
Q

parietal cell hyperplasia and enlargement of gastric rugal folds on endoscopy or gross examination

A

Zollinger-Ellison (gastrin did it)

32
Q

calcium is needed for neurotransmitters to do what

A

fusion and release of vesicles

33
Q

what are the two most important facts in coronary blood flow regulation

A

NO (nitric oxide)- synthesized from arginine

ADENOSINE

34
Q

what is seen with normal aging of the heart

A

decreased LV chamber size (particularly in apex-to-base dimension)- acquiring a SIGMOID SHAPE, with the basilar portion building into the left ventricular outflow tract

increased interstitial CONNECTIVE TISSUE, often with concomitant extracellular amyloid deposition

LIPOFUSCIN (brownish) PIGMENT in myocardial cells- indigestible byproducts of sub cellular membrane lipid oxidation

35
Q

what causes a keloid

A

TRANSFORMATION GROWTH FACTOR BETA (TGF-BETA) which promotes differentiation of fibroblasts into myofbiroblasts

produced excessively without regulation

RASIED, PAINFUL, PURRITIC

36
Q

what is healing by primary intension

A

SURGICAL CLOSURE of well-approximated wound edges, which decreases likelihood of significant scaring and prolonged remodeling

37
Q

what histological changes are seen in PML

A

cytoplasmic inclusions of oligodendrocytes

uWorld Flashies (62 decks)

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