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uWorld Flashies > uWorld 50 > Flashcards

uWorld 50 Flashcards

1
Q

what would be one measure to most likely cause a steep decline in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide

A

universal vaccination of children against HBV

in Korea, Tiawan, Mozambique, and china there are hight rates of HCC usually do to chronic HBV acquired through vertical transmission at childbirth

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2
Q

what is found in the medullary cords and sinuses

A

cords: B cells, plasma cells, and macrophages
sinuses: reticular cells and macrophages

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3
Q

both with mild intellectual ability has a long and narrow face, prominent mandible, and large testes.
HYPERLAXITY in his finger and thumb joints

A

FRAGILE X Snydrome

also have large ears

NEUROPSYCHIATRIC FEATURES: anxiety, ADHD

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4
Q

Ehlers danlos is most commonly due to what

A

Type V collagen defect- CLASSICAL TYPE (joint and skin symptoms)

Hypermobility type is most common type- joint hyper flexibility

(the vascular type is type III collagen- berry aneurysms and shit)

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5
Q

what is the inheritance patter of marfan

A

AD

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6
Q

autopsy findings of PLATELET-RICH THROMBI attached to the MITRAL VALVE LEAFLETS is characteristic of what

A

NONBACTERIAL THROMBOTIC ENDOCARDITIS (NBTE) aka MARANTIC ENDOCARDITIS

most commonly associated with ADVANCED MALIGNANCY, as well as chronic inflammatory disorders like antiphosphlipid syndrome, SLE, and DIC in patients with sepsis

often seen with MUCINOUS ADENOCARCINOMA

WHITE THROMBUS: strands of fibrin, immune complexes, and mononuclear cells

vegetation can dislodge and are MORE LIKELY TO EMBOLIZE (than infective endocarditis) causing infarction

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7
Q

what is binge eating disorder

A

recurrent episodes of binge eating w/ NO COMPENSATORY BEHAVIORS
lack of control during eating

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8
Q

what are signs of bulimia nervosa in people who vomitit regularly

A 
hypotension
tachycardia
dry skin
MENSTRUAL IRREGULATIEIS
erosion of dental enamel
PAROTID HYPERTRPHY
electrolyte imbalances (hypokalemia, hypochloremia, metabolic alkalosis)
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9
Q

what is body dimorphic dorder

A

intense preoccupation with previewed defect in physical appearance leading to significant functional impairment

NOT DIAGNOSED if the preoccupation is WEIGHT GAIN and the people MEETS the CRITERIA for an EATING DISORDER

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10
Q

whats stress incontinence

A

loss of urethral support and intraabdominal pressure exceeds urethral sphincter pressure

leaking with coughing sneezing, laughing, lifting

COMMON in PREGNANCY

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11
Q

what is urge incontinence

A

detrusor overactivity

sudden, overwhelming, or frequent need to empty bladder

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12
Q

what is overflow incontinence

A

impaired detrusor contractility, bladder outlet obstruction

constant involuntary dribbling of urine and incomplete emptying

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13
Q

what muscles function with the urethral valve to maintain continence

A

LEVATOR ANI
COCCYGEOUS

(during pregnancy hormones decrease urethral tone and relax these pelvic floor muscles)

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14
Q

what can improve symptoms of stress urinary incontinence

A

KEGEL EXERCISES0- strengsten pelvic floor muscles (elevator and and coccyges)

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15
Q

what wild thing can be seen with KLUMPKE’s PALSY (sudden upward jerking of arm causing injury to lower trunk- total claw hand)

A

HORNER’ SYNDROME- from involvement of T1 nerve room proximal to the sympathetic trunk

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16
Q

TNF alpha is a proinflammtory cytokine that induces insulin resistance how

A

activation of SERINE KINASES, which then phosphorylate serine residues on the beta subunits of IR and IRS-1

this inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 by IR and subsequently hinder downstream signaling, reusing in resistance to the normal actions of insulin

phosphorylation of threonine resides has same effect

CATECHOLAMINES

17
Q

angiotensin II and GnRH work through what kind of receptor

A

Gq

18
Q

what is seen microscopically in a Schwannoma

A

Antoni A: BIPHASIC with highly cellular areas
-spindle cells that form palisading patterns with interspersing nuclear-free zones called VEROCAY BODIES

Antoni B: MYXOID regions of low cellularity

S-100 positive

19
Q

what are the risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer

A

infertility (ovarian dysfunction), nulliparity (repeated ovulation)
endometriosis
genetics (BRCA1 or 2, HNPCC)
postmenopausal age

20
Q

what are the protective factors for epithelial ovarian cancer

A

oral contraceptives
multiparty, breastfeeding
tubule ligation, salpingo-oophorectomy

(less repair at the ovarian surface due to reduced lifetime ovulation frequency)

21
Q

what is granuloma inguinal (DONOVANOSIS)

A

KLEBSIELLA GRANULOMATIS

PAINLESS, progressive, red serpiginous, ulcerative lesions WIHTOU LYMPHADENOPATHY

gram stain and culture (difficult)

biopsy (DONOVAN bodies)

22
Q

how does chancroid present

A

purulent ulcers with “ragged” borders and suppurative lymphadenopathy
gram (-) rods in a “SCHOOL OF FISH” chain

23
Q

what is a special feature found onion the thoracic and early lumbar spinal levels (T1-L2

A

LATERAL HORNS (intermediolateral cell columns)- sympathetic preganglionic neurons

24
Q

what is something found only above the T7 spinal level

A

CUNEATE FASCICULI

only gracile fascicule is present below T7 (both are present above0

25
Q

development of respiratory distress, diffuse neurological impairment (confusion), and upper body peteachail rash (due to thrombocytopenia) within days of long bone fractures is characteristic of what

A

FAT EMBOLISM SYNDROME

multiple fat emboli occluding the pulmonary microvasculature STAIN BLACK with OSMIUM TETROXIDE

may have numerous platelets but platelet stain (wright’s stain) is purple

26
Q

metabolism of 1 gram of protein or carbs gives you how many calories

A

FOUR (4) thats FOUR YOU FUCKTARD

fat will give you 9, ethanol will give you 7

27
Q

what tumor of SMALL ROUND CELLS is gna be found in the appendix

A

CARCINOID TUMOR

usually in the tip and can cause obstruction and appendicitis

28
Q

what is seen microscopically in a carcinoid tumor

A

ISLANDS or sheets of uniform cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and oval-to-round stippled nuclei

on EM can see multiple dense-core granules (serotonin, bradykinin, histamine, gastrin)

29
Q

what is the Shine-Delgtarno sequence

A

in PROKARYOTES ONLY

found upstream from AUG codon, which recognizes N-formylmethionine-tRNA

allows 30S binding to mRNA and this N-formylmethionin-tRNA (forming the prokaryotic 30S INITIATION COMPLEX)

30
Q

dilation of sinusoids and perivenular hemorrhage are associated with what

A

acute venous outflow obstruction within the liver (BUDD-CHIARI)

31
Q

granulomatous destruction of bile ducts is seen nwhat

A

primary biliary cirrhosis

32
Q

CD79a is found on what

A

B-cells in CNS lymphomas

33
Q

what is seen microscopically in thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger’s Disease)

A

SEGMENTAL VASCULITIS extending into continuous veins and nerves

principally tibial and radial artery inolvemtn

acute and chronic inflammation of the arterial walls, often with thrombosis of the lumen, which can undergo organization and recanilzation

intermittent claudication, superficial nodular phlebitis, cold sensitivity (Raynaud’s)

34
Q

transmural inflammation of the arterial wall with fibrinoid necrosis

A

PAN

35
Q

what does the lepromin skin test tell me

A

its positive in patines with TUBERCULOID LEPROSY as they exhibit a strong CD4+ Th1 cell-mediated response

lepromatous leprosy will test negative due to their weak Th1 cell-mediated immune response (they have Th2)

36
Q

a person with T2DM has the highest risk of DYING from what

A

CORONARY HEART DISEASE (MCC of death in T2DM)

patients with NONCORONARY ATHERSCLEROITC DISEASE, DM, or CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE are at the same risk of cardiovascular events (MI, stroke) as patines with known coronary heart disease

37
Q

what particular strain of E coli does not ferment sorbitol and does not produce a GLUCORONIDASE

A

EHEC 0157:H7

38
Q

what can succinylcholine cause other than malignant hyperthermia

A

significant POTASSIUM RELASE from cells (HYPERKALEMIA) and life threatening arrhythmias in patients with burns, myopathies, crush inures, and denervation

bradycardia from parasympathetic stimulation or tachycardia from sympathetic simulation

uWorld Flashies (62 decks)

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