5.3+ Cyber Security(SOLUTIONS)

Question 1

What are access levels?

Answer 1

Different levels of access are given to different users using a username and a password.

Question 2

Why are access levels important in databases?

Answer 2

To control who can read, write, or delete data.

Question 3

Where else are access levels used?

Answer 3

Social networking sites (e.g., Facebook).

Question 4

What are the four access levels on social networks

Answer 4

• Public
• Friends
• Custom
• Data owner

Question 5

What is public access?

Answer 5

Public access is data that anyone from the general public can access.

Question 6

What is Friends Access?

Answer 6

Friends Access is only for people marked as friends, who can see the data.

Question 7

What is custom access?

Answer 7

The user chooses which friends can see specific content.

Question 8

What is data owner access?

Answer 8

Data is only visible to the owner.

Question 9

How do social networks control access instead of passwords?

Answer 9

Social networks control access instead of passwords by using privacy settings

Question 10

What are the most common types of anti-malware?

Answer 10

Anti-virus and anti-spyware.

Question 11

What does anti-virus software do?

Answer 11

Scans files and detects viruses.

Question 12

Name four features of anti-virus software.

Answer 12

• Runs in the background
• Scheduled scans
• Quarantine viruses
• Deletes viruses

Question 13

When should anti-virus software check for viruses?

Answer 13

• On system startup (boot sector viruses)
• When external storage is connected
• When files or web pages are accessed/downloaded

Question 14

What does anti-spyware software do?

Answer 14

Detects and removes spyware.

Question 15

How does anti-spyware protect users?

Answer 15

Anti-spyware checks data before download and warns or stops the download.

Question 16

What is authentication?

Answer 16

Authentication is the process of checking if a user is who they claim to be.

Question 17

Why is authentication used?

Answer 17

Authentication is used to prevent unauthorized access to data

Question 18

Name three authentication methods

Answer 18

• Username and password
  -Biometrics
• Two-step verification

Question 19

Name four ways to prevent confidential data from being viewed

Answer 19

• Encryption
• Passwords
• Biometrics
• Two-step verification

Question 20

How do usernames and passwords work?

Answer 20

Usernames and passwords are checked against a secure file to allow or deny access.

Question 21

Why should passwords be strong?

Answer 21

Passwords are strong to prevent unauthorised access.

Question 22

How should passwords be protected?

Answer 22

• Use anti-spyware
• Change regularly
• Use strong passwords

Question 23

What makes a strong password?

Answer 23

• Capital letter
• Number
• Special character (@, *, &)

Question 24

What happens when a user forgets a password?

Answer 24

When a user forgets their password, a reset link is sent to their email.

Question 25

What are biometrics based on?

Answer 25

Unique human characteristics.

Question 26

Why are biometrics secure?

Answer 26

Biometrics are secure as they cannot be guessed or shared.

Question 27

Why do smartphones use biometrics?

Answer 27

- Extra security - Faster access - No need to remember passwords

Question 28

Name four biometric methods.

Answer 28

- Fingerprint - Retina scan - Face recognition - Voice recognition

Question 29

How does fingerprint scanning work?

Answer 29

Fingerprint scanning compares ridges and valleys with stored fingerprints

Question 30

Give one benefit of fingerprint scanning.

Answer 30

Unique and difficult to replicate.

Question 31

Give one drawback of fingerprint scanning

Answer 31

Expensive or affected by finger injuries.

Question 32

How does a retina scan work?

Answer 32

A retina scan uses infrared to scan blood vessels in the retina.

Question 33

Why is retina scanning secure?

Answer 33

Blood vessel patterns cannot be duplicated.

Question 34

How does face recognition work?

Answer 34

Face recognition compares facial features with stored data.

Question 35

How does voice recognition work?

Answer 35

Voice recognition compares voice wave patterns with stored samples.

Question 36

What is a text-based password?

Answer 36

Characters typed on a keyboard

Question 37

What is a biometric password?

Answer 37

A stored physical measurement.

Question 38

Give two differences between them.

Answer 38

- Text passwords are easier to hack - Biometric passwords are unique and cannot be shared

Question 39

What is two-step verification?

Answer 39

- Logging in using a password plus a code sent to a device.

Question 40

Why is two-step verification secure?

Answer 40

The hacker needs access to the user’s device.

Question 41

What are automatic software updates?

Answer 41

Automatic software updates keep software up to date using patches.

Question 42

Why are Automatic Software updates important?

Answer 42

- Fix security vulnerabilities - Remove bugs - Improve performance

Question 43

Why should spelling and tone be checked in emails?

Answer 43

Scammers often use poor spelling and an urgent tone.

Question 44

What is typo-squatting?

Answer 44

Using similar domain names to trick users (e.g. gougle.com).

Question 45

Give two signs of a phishing email.

Answer 45

- Suspicious links - Fake email address or domain

Question 46

What is a firewall?

Answer 46

Software or hardware that monitors network traffic.

Question 47

What does a firewall do?

Answer 47

- Monitors traffic - Uses rules (blacklist/whitelist) - Blocks suspicious traffic

Question 48

One limitation of firewalls?

Answer 48

- Cannot stop all malicious traffic.

Question 49

What is a proxy server?

Answer 49

A proxy server is an intermediary between the user and the web server.

Question 50

How does a proxy server improve security?

Answer 50

Attacks hit the proxy instead of the web server

Question 51

What are privacy settings?

Answer 51

Privacy settings control that limit who can see user data.

Question 52

Give one example of a privacy setting.

Answer 52

‘Do not track’ option.

Question 53

What is SSL?

Answer 53

SSL(Secure Socket Layer) is a protocol for secure data transmission.

Question 54

How does SSL protect data?

Answer 54

SSL protects data by encrypting data using keys.

Question 55

How can users tell if a website uses SSL?

Answer 55

- HTTPS - Locked padlock - Valid SSL certificate

Question 56

Give two uses of SSL.

Answer 56

- Online banking - Online shopping