5.3 how significant was the triennial act of 1694 in promoting parliamentary power? Flashcards
8 themes as to how significant was the triennial act of 1694 in promoting parliamentary power?
williams ministers whig majority williamite wars whig junto triennial act 1694 licensing act 1695 court and country factions bill of resumption
problem between william and mary
william = foreign and unpopular, ungraciuos manner, disliked england, just accepted crown to form an aliiance between england and dutch, but carries out his duties, poor health, jacobites very active mary = rules as queen regnant (had power but didnt exercise it), did not share williams unpopularity, died of smallpox 1694 = grief to king and nation
1690 ish who had majority in parliament
whigs
what did william do about his privy council
made it a mix of whigs and tories
why did william make his privy council mixed
so as to be regarded as the king of the nation and not in favour of either party
lord halifax
appointed as lord privy seal - closest adviser to the king
negotiated 1689 settlement
was politically neutral
problem with traditional tory, whig ideology regarding william
whigs brought william over but were traditionally not pro-monarchy
tories traditionally pro-monarchy but due to divine right of kings surely james / james’ son was still king and if not should be Mary in charge, not william
who were the jacobites
james supporters / catholics
problem in ireland
despite settlement putting william on throne, jacobite plots never far away
- several plots to assassinate william
most serious plot = 1689 from deposed james 2 who had landed in ireland with french support
james established parliament there in 1689, majority of catholics and nobles supported his cause
Williamite wars = 80,000 soldiers fighting on both sides
william achieved a relatively swift victory
how william won in ireland
1689 - william sent troops under Schomberg to ireland camped at the boyne river
william followed up with reinforcements the following yer
1690 = battle of the boyne
james defeated and fed to france
reconquest of ireland by churchill and ginkel, lots of fighting
1691 = capture of limerick and the struggle ends
what do some historians use the williamite wars to show
the glorious revolution was not bloodless
+8,000 died in the siege of derry 1689
battle of aughrim 1691 = half of james’ forces killed or captured
also describe williamite wars as extension of nine years war william wars fighting on the continent (louis would never have given james troops if had not already been at war with
what followed the uprisings in ireland
uprisings in scotland
ended by massacre of james 2 supporters at glencoe
consequences of williamite wars
cost
robert harley and whigs established commission of accounts to control expenditure
the war also gave way to Whig Junto
many other political figures feared william was using foreign policy to consolidate his power and restirct parliament
tory critics tried to pass an act to ensure regular parliaments were called but william vetoed it
what were the Whig Junto
group of whigs
favoured strong executive and supported williams wars
also favoured william using his position to promote protestant cause abroad against catholics
triennial act when and what and why
1694
parliament could not last longer than 3 years
established principles of regular elections
more seats were contested (so more than one person standing for the same seat)
regular elections meant it was difficult for a group too cosey with the crown to form
william had to adapt to new MPs at every election
