Cardiovascular System Overview

Question 1

What are three important capillary beds to consider?

Answer 1

Systemic, cardiac, and pulmonary

Question 2

What are the four major components of blood?

Answer 2

RBC, WBC, platelets, and blood

Question 3

Are veins more superficial than arteries?

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

Anteriorly where is the upper limit of the heart located?

Answer 4

The sternal angle

Question 5

Posteriorly where is the upper limit of the heart located?

Answer 5

The intervertebral disc between T4/T5 vertebrae

Question 6

Where is the apex of the heart located?

Answer 6

At the 5th intercostal space along the left midclavicular line

Question 7

Where is the midaxillary line?

Answer 7

An imaginary line that runs up and down the middle of the side of the thorax

Question 8

What is the midclavicular line?

Answer 8

An imaginary line that runs inferiorly from the middle of the clavicle

Question 9

From the surface anatomy describe where is the superior border of the heart?

Answer 9

At the 3rd costal cartilage on the right of the sternum and the 2nd intercostal space on the left of the sternum

Question 10

Describe the flow of blood and its state of oxygenation starting with the left ventricle and ending with the left atrium.

Answer 10

Oxygenated blood leaves the left ventricle via arteries to capillaries then is deoxygenated and returns via veins to the right atrium then the right ventricle and leaves the heart (still deoxygenated) via artery and goes to the capillaries of the lung where it is oxygenated and returns via veins to the left atrium.

Question 11

What valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle?

Answer 11

A tricuspid valve

Question 12

What valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?

Answer 12

The mitral valve

Question 13

Where do the coronary arteries start?

Answer 13

Before the aortic semilunar valves

Question 14

Where do the coronary veins drain?

Answer 14

Directly into the right atrium

Question 15

The right side of the heart is primarily for what?

Answer 15

Pump deoxygenated blood for pulmonary circuit

Question 16

The left side of the heart is primarily for what?

Answer 16

Pump oxygenated blood for coronary and systemic circuit

Question 17

Just to the right of the midline there is a large straight vessel superior and inferior to the heart. What is it?

Answer 17

A venous channel ending with the superior and inferior vena cava

Question 18

Where would you place a stethoscope to hear the tricuspid valve?

Answer 18

Just to the left of the lower part of the sternum near the 5th intercostal space

Question 19

Where would you place a stethoscope to hear the mitral valve?

Answer 19

Over the apex of the heart in the left 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line

Question 20

Where would you place a stethoscope to hear the pulmonary valve?

Answer 20

Over the medial end of the L 2nd intercostal space

Question 21

Where would you place a stethoscope to hear the aortic valve?

Answer 21

Over the medial end of the right 2nd intercostal space