Development of the Urinary System

Question 1

Functionally the urogenital system can be divided into two entirely different components which are what?

Answer 1

The urinary system and the genital system

Question 2

The urogenital system’s two parts develop from what?

Answer 2

A common mesodermal ridge (intermediate mesoderm)

Question 3

What is the urogenital ridge?

Answer 3

This is intermediate mesoderm that bulges into the intraemrbyonic coelmic cavity

Question 4

The urogenital ridge differentiates into what two things?

Answer 4

The nephrogenic cord/ridge and the genital ridge

Question 5

Through lateral folding where does the nephrogenic cord end up?

Answer 5

Retroperitoneal

Question 6

What are the three developmental kidney systems?

Answer 6

Pronephros, mesonephros, and metanephros

Question 7

When does the pronephros appear?

Answer 7

Early in week 4

Question 8

Is the pronephros ever functional?

Answer 8

No

Question 9

Where does the mesonephros appear?

Answer 9

In thoracic and lumbar segments of intermediate mesoderm

Question 10

In the mesonephros urine is produced and drains along what?

Answer 10

Mesonephric (wolffian) duct to cloaca/bladder

Question 11

What does the mesonephros initiate?

Answer 11

The ureteric bud/metanephric diverticulum growth

Question 12

What structure marks the beginning of the metenephros?

Answer 12

When the ureteric bud (metenephric diverticulum) sprouts from the distal end of the mesonephric duct

Question 13

What is the metanephric blastema?

Answer 13

A structure that forms the glomeruli and tubules of the nephrons

Question 14

What are the two components of the metanephros?

Answer 14

Collecting portion (ureteric bud) and excretory portion (metanephric blastema)

Question 15

If what is missing or abnormal a kidney will not form?

Answer 15

A bud

Question 16

What is reciprocal induction?

Answer 16

Close proximity to ureteric bud will induce nephron differentiation

Question 17

What are the collecting portion structures of the metanephros?

Answer 17

Ureter, renal pelvis, and major and minor calyces

Question 18

What are the excretory portion structures of the metanephros?

Answer 18

Bowman’s capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule

Question 19

Cloaca in the hindgut becomes divided by what? (ventral and dorsal)

Answer 19

Urorectal septum, ventral urogenital sinus and dorsal anorectal canal

Question 20

What is the trigone of the bladder?

Answer 20

The distal portions of the mesonephric ducts and the attached ureteric ducts, become incorporated into the posterior aspects of the bladder

Question 21

In females the development of urethra comes from what?

Answer 21

The whole urethra and part of the vagina arise from the pelvic part of the urogenital sinus

Question 22

In males the urethra comes from what?

Answer 22

Prostatic and membranous parts of the urethra arise from the pelvic part of the urogenital sinus while the spongy urethra comes from the phallic part.