Barron's: Chapter 7 - Late Antique Art Flashcards

1
Q

Time Period

A
  • 200-500 B.C.E.
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2
Q

Essential Knowledge

A
  • there is no uniform medieval style. some periods revive ancient classicism; other use geometric and natural designs
  • medieval artists are influenced by contemporaries in other parts of Europe, as well as ancient traditions
  • learning was centered on specific fields that were transmitted throughout Europe through trade, pilgrimage, and military activity
  • medieval architecture is mostly religious
  • medieval painting and sculpture avoids naturalistic depictions
  • at times medieval religions will reject images
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3
Q

The Annunciation

A
  • the Angel Gabriel announces to Mary that she will be the virgin mother of Jesus
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4
Q

The Visitation

A
  • Mary visits her cousin Elizabeth to tell her the news that she is pregnant with Jesus. Because she is elderly, Elizabeth’s announcement of her own pregnancy is greeted as a miracle. Elizabeth gives birth to Saint John the Baptist.
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5
Q

Christmas or the Nativity

A
  • the birth of Jesus in Bethlehem. Mary gives birth in a stable; her husband, Joseph, is her sole companion. Soon after, angels announce the birth to shepherds
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6
Q

Adoration of the Magi

A
  • traditionally, three kings, who are also astrologers, are attracted by a star that shines over Jesus’s manger. They come to worship him and present gifts
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7
Q

Massacre of the Innocents

A
  • After Jesus is born, King Herod issues an order to execute all male infants in the hope of killing him. His family takes him to safety in an episode called the Flight into Egypt.
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8
Q

Baptism of Jesus

A
  • John the Baptist, Jesus’s cousin, baptizes him in the Jordan River. Jesus’s ministry officially begins.
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9
Q

Calling of the Apostles

A
  • Jesus gathers his followers, including St. Matthew and St. Peter, as he proceeds in his ministry
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10
Q

Miracles

A
  • to prove his divinity, Jesus performs a number of miracles, like multiplying loaves and fishes, resurrecting the deceased Lazarus, and changing water into wine at the Wedding at Cana.
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11
Q

Giving the Keys

A
  • sensing his own death, Jesus gives St. Peter the keys to the kingdom of Heaven, in effect installing him as his leader when he is gone, and therefore the first pope
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12
Q

Transfiguration

A
  • Jesus transfigures himself into God before the eyes of his apostles; this is the high point of his ministry
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13
Q

Palm Sunday

A
  • Jesus enters Jerusalem in triumph, greeted by throngs with palm branches
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14
Q

Last Supper

A
  • before Jesus is arrested he has a final meal with his disciples in which he institutes the Eucharist - that is, his body and blood int he form of bread and wine; at his meal he reveals that he knows that one of his apostles, Judas, has betrayed him for 30 pieces of silver
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15
Q

Crucifixion

A
  • after a brief series of trails, Jesus is sentenced to death for sedition. He is crowned with thorns, whipped with lashes, and forced to carry his cross through the streets of Jerusalem. At the top of a hill Golgotha he is nailed tot he cross and left to die
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16
Q

Deposition/Lamentation/Entombment

A
  • Jesus’s body is removed form the cross by his relatives, cleaned, mourned over, and buried
17
Q

Resurrection

A
  • On Easter Sunday, three days later, Jesus rises from the dead. On Ascension Day he goes to heaven
18
Q

Four Evangelists

A
  • Matthew: angel or a man
  • Mark: lion
  • Luke: ox or calf
  • John: eagle
19
Q

Catacomb of Priscilla

A
  • 200-400
  • tufa and fresco
  • Rome, Italy
  • catacombs beneath Rome have 4 million dead and extend for about 100 miles
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Ceiling paintings
    • Sistine Chapel Ceiling
    • Arena Chapel
    • Gaulli, Triumph of the Name of Jesus
20
Q

Santa Sabina

A
  • 422-432
  • brick, stone, and wooden roof
  • Rome, Italy
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons: ground plans
    • Angkor Wat
    • Great Stupa
    • Great Mosque at Cordoba
21
Q

ambulatory

A
  • a passageway around the apse or altar of a church
22
Q

apse

A
  • the endpoint of a church where the altar is located
23
Q

atrium

A
  • a courtyard in a Roman house or before a Christian church
24
Q

axial plan

A
  • a church with a long nave whose focus the apse, so-called because it is designed along an axis
25
Q

basilica

A
  • in Christian architecture, an axially planned church with a long nave, side aisles, and an apse for the altar
26
Q

catacomb

A
  • an underground passageway used for burial
27
Q

central plan

A
  • a church having a circular plan with the altar in the middle
28
Q

clerestory

A
  • the third, or window, story of a church
29
Q

coffer

A
  • in architecture, a sunken panel in a ceiling
30
Q

cubicula

A
  • small underground rooms in catacombs serving as mortuary chapels
31
Q

gosples

A
  • the first four books oft he New Testament that chronicle the life of Jesus
32
Q

loculi

A
  • openings in the walls of catacombs to receive the dead
33
Q

lunette

A
  • a crescent-shaped space, sometimes over a doorway, that contains sculpture or painting
34
Q

narthex

A
  • the closest part of the atrium to the basilica, it serves as vestibule, or lobby, of a church
35
Q

nave

A
  • the main aisle of a church
36
Q

orant figure

A
  • a figure with its hands raised in prayer
37
Q

spolia

A
  • in art history, the reuse of architectural or sculptural pieces in buildings generally different from their original contexts
38
Q

transept

A
  • an aisle in a church perpendicular to the nave, where the clergy originally stood