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AP Art History > Barron's: Chapter 22 - Early and Mid-Twentieth Century Art > Flashcards

Barron's: Chapter 22 - Early and Mid-Twentieth Century Art Flashcards

1
Q

Time Period

A
  • 1900-1980
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2
Q

Movement, Dates, and Major Artists

A
  • Fauvism: c. 1905; Matisse
  • Expressionism: 1905-1930s; Kollwitz
    • The Bridge: 1905; Kirchner
    • The Blue Rider: 1911; Kandinsky
  • Cubism: 1907-1930s; Picasso, Braque
  • Constructivism: 1914-1920s; Stepanova
  • Dada: 1916-1925; Duchamp
  • DeStijl: 1917-1930s; Mondrian
  • Mexican Muralists: 1920s-1930s; Rivera
  • International Style: 1920s-1930s; Le Corbusier
  • Surrealism: 1924-1930s; Kah;p, Oppenheim, Lam
  • Harlem Renaissance: 1930s; Lawrence
  • Abstract Expressionism: Late 1940s-1950s; DeKooning
  • Pop Art: 1955-1960s; Warhol, Oldenburg
  • Color Field Painting: 1960s; Frankenthaler
  • Happenings: 1960s; Kusama
  • Site Art: 1970s-1990s; Lin, Smithson
  • Postmodern: 1975-today; Venturi
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3
Q

Essential Knowledge

A
  • New philosophies, particularly those by Freud and Einstein, spread throughout the world. These views were supplemented by a new understanding of worldwide cultures
  • modern movements include expressionism, cubism, surrealism, etc.
  • women artists become more recognized
  • artists publish manifestos
  • artists and architects use new materials such as acrylic, earthworks, and cantilevers
  • commercial galleries become important. museums open and display art. art sells to an ever widening market
  • artists work for private and public institutions to a sometimes critical public
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4
Q

Goldfish

A
  • Henri Matisse
  • 1912
  • oil on canvas
  • Hermitage, Saint Petersburg, Russia
  • Fauvism
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Color
    • Kngwarreye, Earth’s Creation
    • Dedication Page of Blanche and Castile and Louis IX
    • Mori, Pure Land
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5
Q

Improvisation 28 (second version)

A
  • Vassily Kandyinsky
  • 1912
  • oil on canvas
  • Guggenheim Museum, New York
  • Expresisonism
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Composition
    • David, The Oath of the Horatti
    • Ringgold, Dancing at the Louvre
    • Giotto, Lamentation
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6
Q

Self-Portrait as a Soldier

A
  • Ernst Kirchner
  • 1915
  • oil on canvas
  • Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio
  • Expressionism
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Self-Portraits
    • Rembrandt, Self-Portrait with Saskia
    • Vigee Le Brun, Self-Portrait
    • Kahlo, The Two Fridas
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7
Q

Memorial Sheet for Karl Lieknecht

A
  • Kathe Kollwitz
  • 1919-1920
  • woodcut
  • Private Collection
  • Expressionism
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Memorials
    • Taj Mahal
    • The Sphinx and the Pyramids
    • Terra-Cotta Warriors
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8
Q

Les Demoiselles d’Avignon

A
  • Pablo Picasso
  • 1907
  • oil on canvas
  • Museum of Modern Art, New York
  • Cubism
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Group Figures
    • Velazquez, Las Meninas
    • Basquiat, Horn Players
    • Sultan Muhammad, Court of the Gayumars
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9
Q

The Portuguese

A
  • Georges Braque
  • 1911
  • oil on canvas
  • Art Museum, Basel, Switzerland
  • Cubism
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10
Q

The Kiss

A
  • Constantin Brancusi
  • 1907-1908
  • limestone
  • Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia
  • Cubism
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Schematic Human Forms
    • Anthropomorphic Stele
    • Female Deity from Nukuoro
    • Ikenga Shrine
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11
Q

The Steerage

A
  • Alfred Stieglitz
  • 1907
  • photograph
  • Private Collection
  • Photo-Secession
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Disadvantaged Persons
    • Turner, Slave Ship
    • Courbet, The Stone Breakers
    • Rodin, The Burghers of Calais
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12
Q

Fountain

A
  • Marcel Duchamp
  • original 1917, this version 1950
  • china with black paint
  • Philadelphia Museum of Art, Pennsylvania
  • Dada
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13
Q

Object

A
  • Meret Oppenheim
  • 1936
  • fur-covered cup, saucer, and spoon
  • Museum of Modern Art, New York
  • Surrealism
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Found Objects
    • Camelid Sacrum
    • Duchamp, Fountain
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14
Q

The Two Fridas

A
  • Frida Kahlo
  • 1939
  • oil on canvas
  • Museum of Modern Art, Mexico City
  • Surrealism
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Self-Portraits
    • Bichitr, Jahangir Preferring a Sufi Shaikh to Kings
    • Rembrandt, Self-Portrait with Saskia
    • Vigee Le Brun, Self-Portrait
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15
Q

The Jungle

A
  • Wilfredo Lam
  • 1943
  • gouache on paper mounted on canvas
  • The Museum of Modern Art, New York
  • Surrealism
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Art Inspired form Diverse Cultural Traditions
    • Petra
    • Golden Haggadah
    • Kngwarreye, Earth’s Creation
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16
Q

Illustration from The Results of the First Five-Year Plan

A
  • Varvara Stepanova
  • 1932
  • photomontage
  • Museum of the Revolution, Moscow, Russia
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Social Commentary
    • Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People
    • Sherman, Untitled #228
    • Walker, Darkytown Rebellion
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17
Q

Composition with Red, Blue, and Yellow

A
  • Piet Mondrian
  • 1930
  • oil on canvas
  • Private Collection
  • DeStijl
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Composition
    • Su-nam, Summer Trees
    • Navigation Chart
    • Martinez, Black-on-black ceramic vessel
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18
Q

Kaufmann House “Fallingwater”

A
  • Frank Lloyd Wright
  • 1936-1939
  • reinforced concrete, sandstone, steel, and glass
  • Bear Run, Pennsylvania
  • Prairie Style
  • Cross-Cultural Connections: Homes
    • Jefferson, Monticello
    • Ryoan-ji
    • House of the Vettii
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19
Q

Villa Savoye

A
  • Le Corbusier
  • 1929
  • steel and reinforced concrete
  • Poissy-sure-Seine, France
  • International Style
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Houses
    • House of the Vettii
    • Alberti, Palazzo Rucellai
    • Alhambra
20
Q

Seagram Building

A
  • Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson
  • 1954-1958
  • steel frame with glass curtain wall and bronze
  • New York
  • International Style
21
Q

The Migration of the Negro, Panel no. 49

A
  • Jacob Lawrence
  • tempera on hardboard
  • 1940-1941
  • Museum of Modern Art, New York
  • Harlem Renaissance
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Social Criticism
    • Salcedo, Shibboleth
    • Smith, Lying with the Wolf
    • Quick-to-See-Smith, Trade
22
Q

Dream of a Sunday Afternoon in the Alameda Park

A
  • Diego Rivera
  • 1947-1948
  • fresco
  • Museo Mural Diego Rivera, Mexico City
  • Mexican Muralists
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Historicism
    • Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People
    • Raphael, School of Athens
    • Olmec Style Mask
23
Q

Woman, I

A
  • Willem de Kooning
  • 1950-1952
  • oil on canvas
  • Museum of Modern Art, New York
  • Abstract Expressionism
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Images of Women
    • Manet, Olympia
    • Titian, Venus of Urbino
    • Neshat, Rebellious Silence
24
Q

The Bay

A
  • Helen Frankenthaler
  • 1963
  • acrylic on canvas
  • Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, Michigan
  • Color Field Painting
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Nature
    • Su-nam, Summer Trees
    • Hokusai, Great Wave
    • Bruegel, Hunters in the Snow
25
Q

Marilyn Diptych

A
  • Andy Warhol
  • 1962
  • oil, acrylic, silkscreen enamel on canvas
  • Tate Gallery, London
  • Pop Art
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Human Identity
    • Tlatilco Female Figure
    • Rodriguez, Spaniard and Indian Produce a Mestizo
    • Neshat, Rebellious Silence
26
Q

Lipstick (Ascending) on Caterpillar Tracks

A
  • Claes, Oldenburg
  • 1969-1974
  • cor-ten steel, aluminium, and cast resin, painted with polyurethane enamel
  • Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
  • Pop Art
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons: War and Battle Commemorations
    • Column of Trajan
    • Lin, Vietnam Veterans Memorial
    • Siege of Belgrade
27
Q

Narcissus Garden

A
  • Yayoi Kusama
  • first seen in 1966
  • installation of mirrored balls
  • Venice
  • Happenings art
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Human Identity and Image
    • Sherman, Untitled 228
    • Wall Plaque from Oba’s Palace
    • Narmer Palette
28
Q

Spiral Jetty

A
  • Robert Smithson
  • 1970
  • mud, salt crystals, rocks, water coil
  • Great Salt Lake, Utah
  • Site art
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Spirals and Circular Constructions
    • Christo and Jeanne-Claude, The Gates
    • Great Serpent Mound
    • Stonehenge
29
Q

House in New Castle County

A
  • Robert Venturi, John Rauchm and Denise Scott Brown
  • 1978-1983
  • wood frame and stucco
  • Delaware
  • Postmodern Architecture
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Homes
    • Jefferson, Monticello
    • Alberti, Palazzo Rucellai
    • LeCorbusier, Villa Savoye
30
Q

abstract

A
  • works of art that may have form, but have little or no attempt at pictorial representation
31
Q

action painting

A
  • an abstract painting in which the artist drips or splatter paint onto a surface like a canvas in order to create the work
32
Q

assemblage

A
  • a three-dimensional work made of various materials such as wood, cloth, paper, and miscellaneous objects
33
Q

biomorphism

A
  • a movement stressing organic shapes that hint at natural forms
34
Q

cantilever

A
  • a projecting beam that is attached to a building at one end but suspended in the air at the other
35
Q

collage

A
  • a composition made by pasting together different items onto a flat surface
36
Q

color field painting

A
  • a style of abstract painting characterized by simple shapes and monochromatic color
37
Q

documentary photography

A
  • a type of photography that seeks social and political redress for current issues by using photographs as a way of exposing society’s faults
38
Q

earthwork

A
  • a large outdoor work in which the earth itself is the medium
39
Q

ferroconcrete

A
  • stele reinforced concrete; the two materials act together to resist building stresses
40
Q

frottage

A
  • a composition made by rubbing a crayon or a pencil over paper placed over a surface with a raised design
41
Q

happening

A
  • an act of performance art that is initially planned but involves spontaneity, improvisation, and often audience participation
42
Q

harlem renaissance

A
  • a particularly rich artistic period in the 1920s and 1930s that is named after the African-American neighborhood in New York City where it emerged. it is marked by a cultural resurgence by African-Americans in the fields of painting, writing, music, and photography
43
Q

installation

A
  • a temporary work of art made up of assemblages create for a particular space, like an art gallery or a museum
44
Q

mobile

A
  • a sculpture made of several different items that dangle from a ceiling and can be set into motion by air currents
45
Q

ready-made

A
  • a commonplace object selected and exhibited as a work of art
46
Q

silkscreen

A
  • a printing technique that passes ink or paint through a stenciled image to make multiple copies
47
Q

venice biennale

A
  • a major show of contemporary art that takes place every other year in various venues throughout the city of Venice; begun in 1895

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