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AP Art History > Barron's: Chapter 9 - Islamic Art > Flashcards

Barron's: Chapter 9 - Islamic Art Flashcards

1
Q

Essential Knowledge

A
  • the Silk Road connected distant lands culturally and economically
  • Intercultural exchanges cause a rich diversity of expression combining European, Asia, and Islamic sources
  • Islamic art dominates West Asia and South Europe
  • Patrons were royal and religious figures
  • Islamic art is influenced by trade with surrounding traditions
  • Islam unites a diverse region
  • Islamic architecture includes mosques, tombs, and monuments
  • Islamic art is spread through pilgrimages
  • Religious are contains no figures, but uses tessellation, calligraphy, and arabesques
  • Figural art flourishes in secular writing in Persia
  • Islamic art tends to avoid perspective, be two-dimensional, and have arabesque and geometric designs
  • Ceramics were created for useful and decorative purposes
  • Metalwork was used for sculptures, armor, and utilitarian items
  • Carpets and tapestries are particularly prized examples of Islamic textiles
  • Islamic art excels in manuscript decoration, as well as wall paintings
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2
Q

Pyxis of al-Mughira

A
  • 968
  • ivory
  • Louvre, Paris
  • 630 C.E. - present
  • from Muslim, Spain
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Relief Sculpture
    • Relief Sculpture from Chavin
    • Narmer Palette
    • Grave Stele of Hegeso
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3
Q

Folio from the Qur’an

A
  • eight-ninth century
  • ink and gold on parchment
  • kufic script
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons:
    • Book of Lindisfarne
    • Night Attack on the Sanjo Palace
    • Vienna Genesis
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4
Q

Basin or Baptistere de St. Louis

A
  • Muhammad ibn al-Zain
  • 1320-1340
  • brass inlaid with gold and silver
  • Louvre, Paris
  • used to wash hands at official ceremonies
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Works Reflecting a Cultural Diversity
    • Miguel Gonzalez, Virgin of Guadelupe
    • Quick-to-See-Smith, Trade
    • Kngwarreye, Earth’s Creation
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5
Q

The Ardabil Carpet

A
  • Masquad of Kashan
  • silk on wool
  • Victoria and Albert Museum, London
  • 1539-1540
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Textiles
    • Hiapo
    • The Bayeux Tapestry
    • Ringgold, Dancing at the Louvre
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6
Q

Bahram Gur Fights the Karg

A
  • 1310-1340
  • ink and watercolor, gold, silver on paper
  • Harvard University Art Gallery, Cambridge, Massachusetts
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Scenes of Conquering
    • Athena from the Temple of Zeus
    • Narmer Palette
    • Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus
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7
Q

The court of Gayumars

A
  • Sultan Muhammad
  • folio from the Shah Tashmasp
  • 1522-1525
  • ink, opaque watercolor, gold on paper
  • Aga Khan Museum, Toronto Canada
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons: King and Court
    • Bichitr, Jahangir Preferring a Sufi Shaikh to Kings
    • Presentation of Fijian mats and tapa cloths
    • Velazquez, Las Meninas
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8
Q

The Kaaba

A
  • 631-632
  • granite masonry
  • covered with silk curtain, gold and silver thread
  • Mecca, Saudi Arabia
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Buildings Built on Important Sites
    • Dome of the Rock
    • Lin, Vietnam Veterans Memorial
    • Tutankhamun’s Tomb
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9
Q

Dome of the Rock

A
  • 691-692
  • stone masonry and wood roof decorated with glazed ceramic tile, mosaics, and gilt aluminum and bronze dome
  • Jerusalem
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Domes
    • Taj Mahal
    • Pantheon
    • Hagia Sophia
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10
Q

Great Mosque (masjid-e Jameh)

A
  • c. 700 and following
  • mostly eleventh-seventeenth centuries
  • brick, wood, plaster, ceramic tile
  • Isfahan, Iran
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Houses of Worship
    • Chartres Cathedral
    • Great Stupa at Sanchi
    • White temple and its ziggurat
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11
Q

Great Mosque

A
  • eight-tenth centuries
  • stone
  • Cordoba, Spain
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Architectural Plans
    • Sullivan, Carson Pirie Scott building
    • Chartres Catheral
    • Temple of Amun-Re
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12
Q

Alhambra

A
  • 1354-1391
  • whitewashed adobe stucco, wood, tile, paint, and gilding
  • Granada, Spain
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Interiors
    • House of the Vettii
    • Wright, Fallingwater
    • Hall of Mirrors, Versailles
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13
Q

Mosque of Selim II

A
  • 1568-1575
  • brick and stone
  • Sinan
  • Edirne, Turkey
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons:
    • Pantheon
    • Dome of the Rock
    • Hagia Sophia
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14
Q

Taj Mahal

A
  • c. 1632-1648
  • stone, marble, precious and semi-precious stones
  • Agra, India
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Gardens
    • Versailles
    • Kusama, Narcissus Garden
    • Ryoan-ji
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15
Q

arabesque

A
  • a flowing, intricate, and symmetrical pattern deriving from floral motifs
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16
Q

calligraphy

A
  • decorative or beautiful handwriting
17
Q

hajj

A
  • an Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca that is required as one of the five pillars of Islam
18
Q

iwan

A
  • a rectangular vaulted space in a Muslim building that is walled on three side and open on the fourth
19
Q

jali

A
  • perforated ornamental stone screens in Islamic art
20
Q

kufic

A
  • a highly ornamental Islamic script
21
Q

mausoleum

A
  • a building, usually large, that contains tombs
22
Q

mecca, medina

A
  • Islamic holy cities; Mecca is the birthplace of Muhammad and the city all Muslims turn to in prayer; Medina is where Muhammad was first accepted as the Prophet, and where his tomb is located
23
Q

mihrab

A
  • a central niche in a mosque, which indicates the direction to Mecca
24
Q

minaret

A
  • a tall, slender column used to call people to prayer
25
Q

minbar

A
  • a pulpit from which sermons are given
26
Q

mosque

A
  • a Muslim house of worship
27
Q

muezzin

A
  • an Islamic official who calls people to prayer traditionally form a minaret
28
Q

Muhammad (570?-632)

A
  • the prophet whose revelations and teachings form the foundation of Islam
29
Q

Muqarna

A
  • a honeycomb-like decoration often applied in Islamic buildings
30
Q

Pyxis

A
  • a small cylinder-shaped container with a detachable lid used to contain cosmetics or jewelry
31
Q

Qiblah

A
  • the direction toward Mecca which Muslims face in prayer
32
Q

Qur’an

A
  • the Islamic sacred text, dictated to the Prophet Muhammad by the Angel Gabrial
33
Q

Tesselation

A
  • decoration using polygonal shapes with no gaps
34
Q

Voussoirs

A
  • a wedge-shaped stone that forms the curved part of an arch; the central voussoir is called a keystone

AP Art History (124 decks)

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