Chapter 4 Quiz Flashcards
What is anabolism
Small molecules are built into larger ones; requires energy.
What is catabolism
Larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones; releases energy
What type of anabolism makes glycogen, fat, protein, and nucleus acids
Dehydration synthesis
What type of catabolism uses water to break down molecules. And breaks down disaccharides, carbs, fats, proteins, and nuclei acids
Hydrolysis
What is a substrate
Molecule on which an enzyme acts
Describe how an enzyme interacts with its substrate
Each type of enzyme had a different substrate. The shape of an enzyme molecule allows it to identify its substrate. An enzymes polypeptide chain twists and could into a unique 3-D conformation that fits the particular shape of its substrate molecule.
Describe active site
It’s part of an enzyme substrate complex. The interaction strains chemical bonds in the substance in a way that makes a particular chemical reaction more likely to occur. Afterwards, the enzyme is released in its original form and able to bind another substrate molecule
What are the steps of enzyme catalysis
Substrate+enzyme»_space;enzyme-substrate complex»product+enzyme
Define cofactor and coenzymes
Cofactors and coenzymes- non protein component that is bound to an inactive enzyme to help the active site attain its appropriate shape or help bind the enzyme to its substrate.
What are ions of elements
Cofactors
What are small organic molecules ; often composed of vitamin molecules or incorporate altered forms of vitamin molecules into their structures
Coenzymes
What reactions don’t need oxygen (glycolysis)
Anaerobic
What reactions require oxygen (citric acid cycle and electron transport chain)
Aerobic
What is when carrier molecules and enzymes extract energy and store it as ATP, releasing water and heat
Electron transport chain
What is when glucose molecules are broken down into pyrrhic acid
Glycolysis
