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Biology 225 > Chapter 5- Tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 5- Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are cells organized into?

A

Tissue

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2
Q

What connect cell membranes to each other

A

Intercellular junctions

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3
Q

What junction is where the membranes of adjacent cells converge and fuse with the area of fusion surrounding the cells like a belt

A

Tight junction- sheetlike layers line the inside of digestive tract and blood vessels in brain

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4
Q

What junction has rivets or spot welds adjacent to skin cells, forming a reinforced structural unit

A

Desmosomes

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5
Q

What junctions are tubular channels that allow ions, nutrients, and other small molecules to move between the cells

A

Gap junctions- like a pore ( heart muscle and muscles of digestive tract)

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6
Q

What are the 4 major tissues

A

Epithelial muscle nervous connective

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7
Q

What tissues are found theought body surface and forms the under lining of body cavities, hollow organs and composes glands

A

Epithelial

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8
Q

What does epithelial tissue always have that is exposed to outside or internal open space

A

Apical surface

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9
Q

What thin layer anchors epithelium to underlying connective tissue

A

Basement membrane

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10
Q

What do epithelial tissues lack

A

Blood vessel, nutrients diffuse from connective tissues

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11
Q

What are characteristics of epithelial

A

Lack blood vessels. Cells readily divide (faster healing time) cells tightly packed( form effective barriers.)

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12
Q

Describe simple epithelial

A

One layer main function - absorption and filtration

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13
Q

Desribe stratified epithelial

A

More than one layer

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14
Q

Describe squamous

A

Thin, flattened cells, scalelike

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15
Q

Describes cuboidal epithelial

A

Cubelike cells

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16
Q

Describe columnar

A

Cells are elongated, taller than wide

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17
Q

What tissue is composed of a single layer of thin flattened cells that fit tightly together to form the air sacs of the lungs and walls of capillaries

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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18
Q

Where does diffusion and filtration occur for the body?

A

Capillaries

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19
Q

What tissue is composed of a single layer of cube shaped cells with centrally located spherical nuclei?

A

Simple cuboidal ex: garden hose

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20
Q

What tissue lines kidney tubules

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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21
Q

What function does simple cuboidal serve in the kidneys

A

Tubular secretion and reabsorption

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22
Q

What tissue is composed of a single layer of elongated cells with nuclei near the basement membrane

A

Simple columnar

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23
Q

Where is nonciliated simple columnar tissue found

A

Lining of uterus and intestines

24
Q

Cells specialized for absorption typically have many cylindrical process extending from their free surfaces called what and that increase the surface area of the cells?

A

Microvilli

25
Q

What secrete a protective tissue flies called mucus into the free surface of simple columnar epithelial tissue

A

Goblet cells

26
Q

What tissue appear layered or stratified but are not

A

Pseudostratifies columnar epithelial

27
Q

Where are pseudostratifies tissue located

A

Nasal cavity and bronchial tree

28
Q

Goblet cells scattered throughout what tissue secret Mucus which the cilia sweep away

A

Pseudostratified

29
Q

In what tissue types does cell division occur

A

Cuboidal and columnar( deeper layers)

30
Q

What tissue is composed of several layers of cells; top cells flattened while deeper cells consist of cuboidal and columnar where cell division occurs

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

31
Q

As older cells are pushed outward they accumulate proteins called keratins, then harden and die. What is the dead layer called?

A

Stratum cornea

32
Q

Where is stratified squamous epithelium located

A

Esophagus and epidermis

33
Q

What tissue consists of two or three layers of cuboidal cells that form the lining of the lumen?

A

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

34
Q

What tissue lines the ducts of mammary, sweat and salivary glands

A

Stratified cuboidal

35
Q

Where is stratified columnar epithelium found

A

Vas deferns and male urethra and pharynx (throat)

36
Q

What tissue is specialized to change in response to increased tension

A

Transitional epithelium

37
Q

Where is transitional epithelium found

A

Urinary bladder ureters

38
Q

What tissue have cells specialized to produce or secret substances

A

Glandular

39
Q

What secretion are endocrine glands responsible for

A

Hormones

40
Q

What glands secrete their products into tissue fluid or blood

A

Endocrine

41
Q

What glands secrete their products into ducts that open to some internal or external surfaces

A

Exocrine

42
Q

What exocrine type of gland consists of a single epithelial cell (goblet cell)

A

Simple gland

43
Q

What type of exocrine gland has a branches duct

A

Compound gland

44
Q

Exocrine glands that consist of epithelial lined tubes are called what

A

Tubular glands

45
Q

Exocrine glands that’s terminal ends form saclike dilations are called what

A

Aleveolar

46
Q

Describe the breakdown classification of exocrine glands

A

Simple or compound-> tubular or alveolar->coiling or branching

47
Q

Glands that realease fluid products by exocytosis are what

A

Merocrine

48
Q

Glands that loss small portions of their glandular cell bodies during secretion are called what

A

Apocrine

49
Q

Glands that realize entire cells are called what

A

Holocrine

50
Q

How can meroceine glands be subclassifiies

A

By their secretion of serous or mucus fluid

51
Q

Describe serous cells

A

Secrete watery fluid, has a high concentration of enzymes called serous fluid. Commonly associated with visceral and parietal membranes

52
Q

Describe mucous cells in meroceine glands

A

Secrete thick fluid called mucus, a substance rich in the glycoproteins mucin

53
Q

Where’s is mucus found

A

Oral cavity, nasal cavity and intestines

54
Q

Where are apocrine glands found

A

Mammary glands, ceremonious glands( earwax)

55
Q

Where do Holocrine glands found

A

Hair( sebum), sebaceous glands of skin

Biology 225 (24 decks)

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