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Biology 225 > Chapter 7 Questions > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the effects of thyroid and sex hormones on bone development and growth

A

Thyroid hormones stimulate replacement of cartilage in the epiphyseal plates of long bones with bone tissue. Sex hormones stimulate ossification of epiphyseal plates and stop bone growth.

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2
Q

What are fontanels; what’s their significance?

A

They permit some movement between the bones so that the developing skull is partially compressible and can change shape for birth. Soft spots on babies head

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3
Q

Describe a typical vertebrae

A

Body, Pedicles, laminae, spinous process, vertebral arch, vertebral foramen, transverse process, superior and inferior articulate processes, intervertebral foramina

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4
Q

What part of the vertebra is drum shaped and forms the thick anterior portion of the bone that support the weight of head and trunk

A

Body

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5
Q

What part of vertebra projects posteriorly from the body and the forms the sides of the vertebral foramen

A

Pedicles

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6
Q

What part of the vertebra are plates that arise from the Pedicles and fuse in the back

A

Laminae

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7
Q

What forms as a result of the laminae fusing

A

Spinous process

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8
Q

What is the bony arch comprised of Pedicles, laminae and spinous process that forms around the vertebral foramen

A

Vertebral arch

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9
Q

What is the opening that the spinal cord passes through

A

Vertebral foramen

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10
Q

What is the projection from each side between the Pedicles and laminae

A

Transverse process

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11
Q

What project upward and downward from each vertebral arch

A

Superior and inferior articulate processes

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12
Q

What are openings formed by notches on the lower surfaces of the vertebral Pedicles that align with adjacent vertebrae; and provides passengers for spinal nerves

A

Intervertebral formina

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13
Q

What vertebrae have bifid (forked) spinous processes; and the transverse processes have transverse foramina that leases way for arteries into the brain?

A

Cervical

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14
Q

What vertebrae compose the axis of the neck

A

Seven cervical

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15
Q

What cervical vertebrae is the first that supports the head

A

Atlas

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16
Q

What second cervical Vertebra allows the head to turn from side to side

A

Axis

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17
Q

What vertebrae have long pointed spinous processes sloping downward; facets in the side that articulate with ribs?

A

Thoracic

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18
Q

What vertebrae have large bodies that are short with stubby spinous processes

A

Lumbar

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19
Q

What is the triangular structure at the base of the vertebral column

A

Sacrum

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20
Q

What is the lowest part of the vertebral column

A

Coccyx

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21
Q

What does the thoracic cage include

A

Ribs, thoracic vertebrae, sternum, costal cartilages that attach ribs to sternum

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22
Q

What are the three parts of the sternum

A

Manubrium, body, xiphoid process

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23
Q

What process forms the tip of the shoulder

A

Acromion

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24
Q

What process provides attachments for upper limb and chest muscles

A

Coracoid

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25
Q

What cavity articulates with the head of the arm bone

A

Glenoid

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26
Q

Where does the capitulum of the humerus articulate with the radius?

A

Elbow

27
Q

What does the trochlea of the humerus join?

A

Ulna

28
Q

What depression receives a process of the ulna( coronoid process) when the elbow bends

A

Coronoid fossa

29
Q

What depression receives the olecranon process when the elbow straightens

A

Olecranon fossa

30
Q

What is the largest most superior portion of the hips bone

A

Ilium

31
Q

What’s the lowest of the hip bone

A

Ischium

32
Q

Extra digits inherited trait?

A

Polydactyl

33
Q

Coronoid process

A

Ulna and mandible

34
Q

Cribiform plate

A

Ehtmoid bone

35
Q

Foramen magnum

A

Occipital bone

36
Q

Mastoid process

A

Temporal bone

37
Q

Palatine process

A

Maxilla

38
Q

Sells turica

A

Sphenoid bone

39
Q

Supra orbital notch

A

Frontal bone

40
Q

Temporal process

A

Zygomatic bone

41
Q

Acromion process

A

Scapula

42
Q

Deltoid tuberosuty

A

Humerus

43
Q

Grater trochanter

A

Femur

44
Q

Lateral malleolus

A

Fibula

45
Q

Medial malleolus

A

Tibia

46
Q

Olecranon process

A

Ulna

47
Q

Radial tuberosity

A

Radius

48
Q

Xiphoid process

A

Sternum

49
Q

What is the largest foot bone out of talus, tarsal, and calceneus

A

Calcaneus

50
Q

The bones of the upper arm are classified as what

A

Long

51
Q

The area of a bone that produces most the hematopoietic tissue is what

A

Bone marrow

52
Q

The frontal bone develops by what

A

Intramembranous ossification

53
Q

What is the final stage of healing following a fracture

A

Formation of granulation tissue

54
Q

What represent microscopic channels that were formed by blood vessels in the bone

A

Canaliculi

55
Q

Most of the Skelton in an embryo is what what tissue

A

Cartilage

56
Q

Where is the primary ossification center of long bones

A

Epiphyses

57
Q

What bone have sinuses

A

Ehtmoid, sphenoid, frontal

58
Q

What bone has the mandibulae fossa

A

Temporal

59
Q

Vitamin D defiency in an adult causes the condition known as

A

Osteomaalacia

60
Q

What allows a bone to increase its diameter

A

Periosteum

61
Q

Articulate ends of long bones have what tissue

A

Hyaline

62
Q

Spongy bones has a porous matrix of cells called what

A

Trabeculae

63
Q

What vitamin moves calcium through a cell membrane

A

D

64
Q

What vitamin is responsible for normal growth

A

A

Biology 225 (24 decks)

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