55. Anti-protozoals

Question 1

Toxo + Canine neosporosis

Answer 1

Clindamycin (lincosamide)
Sulphadazine (Sulphonamide) + pyrimethamin
       -SE: BM suppression, KCS
Only TOXO
> Doxycline
> Decoquinate (ewes)
EPM: equine parasitic myeloencephalitis
 > SUA-TMP + pyrimethamin
 > Toltrazuril, diclazuril, ponzuril

Question 2

Trictomoniasis
Histomonasis
Hexamitiasis
Giardiasis

Answer 2

1. 5-nitro-imidazoles
   -Metronidazole (needs activation)
   - ronidazole
2. Nitrofurans: nitrofursol
3. Organic arsenicals: nitarsone, roxarsone
   All: not for food animals!!
4. Benzimidazole: Al- , fen, bendazole

Question 3

Babesiosis

Vector: hard ticks

Answer 3

Moa: bind to DNA and interfere with replication
- Babescidal + trypanocidal
> Phenamidine (africa)
> Imidocarb: Treatment and prevention
-(Cholinergic activity)
> Tetracyclines: prevention
>Amicarbalide: therapy

Question 4

Leishmaniosis

Answer 4

Paromomycin
Amphotericin- B
Pentavalent anti-microbial
Miltefosine

Question 5

Paromomycin

Answer 5

Aminoglycoside AB
Inhibits protein synthesis
Parenteral: vestibulocohler + renal toxicity
May cause over gorwth of non-susceptible organisms (fungi)

Question 6

Amphotericin-B

Answer 6

Poliene AB
Broad spect
IV, cross BBB
Highly nephrotoxic
Life threatening systemic fungal + leishmaniosis

Question 7

Pentavalent anti-monials

Answer 7

Na- stibogluconate
Meglumine antimoniate
INJECTION only, not oral

Question 8

Miltefosine

Answer 8

BEST
broad spec
PO –> penetrates BBB

Question 9

Trypanosomiasis

Answer 9

Homidium bromide/chloride
       -against nagana
       - v. irritative, give deep IM
Isometamidium
       - Nagana
       - tissue irritant -> tissue necrosis
       - prophylaxis
Quinapyramine chloride/sulphate
       -Nagana and dourine
Suramin
       - treatment not prophlaxis
       -T.evansi
Diamidines
       -Moa: Glucose uptake, DNA impairment
       - Toxic