Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology - Midterm 2 > Antimicrobials - Drugs Affecting Nucleic Acid Synthesis > Flashcards

Antimicrobials - Drugs Affecting Nucleic Acid Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

2nd Generation Fluoroquinolones

A

Ciprofloxacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

1st Generation Fluoroquinolones

A

Nalidixic Acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

4th Generation Fluoroquinolones

A

Gemifloxacin and Moxafloxicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3rd Generation Fluoroquinolones

A

Levofloxacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

MOA of Fluoroquinolones

A

Enter bacteria through porins and irreversibly interfere with Topoisomerase II (gyrase) and Topoisomerase IV to inhibit DNA replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Indications for 2nd Generation Fluoroquinolones

A

Traveler’s diarrhea, P.aeruginosa in CF patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Indications for 4th Generation Fluoroquinolones

A

Monotherapy for CAP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Indications for 1st Generation Fluoroquinolones

A

Uncomplicated UTIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Indications for 3rd Generation Fluoroquinolones

A

CAP, Prostatitis (E.coli)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What can adversely affect Fluoroquinolone absorption?

A

Divalent cations, milk, antacids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

AE of Fluoroquinolones

A

“Lones hurt bones” - Connective Tissue problems i.e. tendon rupture; QT prolongation with 3rd and 4th generation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Contraindications of Fluoroquinolones

A

Pregnancy, nursing mothers, age <18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Resistance to Fluoroquinolones

A

Mutations in Topoisomerase II or IV, efflux pumps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the Sulfonamides?

A

Sulfasalazine, Sulfamethoxazole, Sulfadiazine; structural analogs of PABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Indications of Sulfasalazine

A

Inflammatory bowel disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

MOA of Sulfonamides

A

Competitive inhibition of Dihydropteroate synthase (bacterial enzyme) –> decrease in folic acid synthesis

17
Q

Contraindications of Sulfonamides

A

Patients with G6PD deficiency, Newborns and infants due to Kernicterus

18
Q

AE of Sulfonamides

A

Hypersensitivity crystalluria due to nephrotoxicity

19
Q

Which drugs may increase plasma levels of Sulfonamides?

A

Warfarin, Phenytoin, and Methotrexate

20
Q

MOA: inhibits DHF Reductase, decreasing pyrimidine and purine synthesis

A

Trimethoprim (structural analog of Folate)

21
Q

Indications of Trimethoprim

A

Bacterial prostatitis, Bacterial Vaginitis, UTIs; reaches high concentration in prostate and vaginal fluid

22
Q

Contraindications of Trimethoprim

A

Category X

23
Q

AE of Trimethoprim

A

Megaloblastic Anemia, Leucopenia

“TMP treats marrow poorly”

24
Q

Contraindications of Cotrimoxazole

A

1st trimester of pregnancy

25
Q

DOC for PCP

A

Cotrimoxazole

26
Q

DOC for Nocardiosis

A

Cotrimoxazole

27
Q

DOC for Uncomplicated UTIs

A

Cotrimoxazole

28
Q

Alternative drug for Toxoplasmosis

A

Cotrimoxazole

29
Q

DOC for C.difficile

A

Metronidazole

30
Q

AE of Cotrimoxazole

A

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, Hemolytic Anemia, increased AE incidence in AIDS patients

31
Q

AE of Metronidazole

A

Disulfiram-like rxn, dark urine

32
Q

Contraindications of Metronidazole

A

Category X in 1st trimester

33
Q

MOA of Metronidazole

A

Reductive bioactivation of its nitro group by Ferredoxin –> cytotoxic products that interfere with nucleic acid synthesis

34
Q

Urinary Antiseptic used for treatment and prophylaxis of lower UTIs

A

Nitrofurantoin

35
Q

Contraindications of Nitrofurantoin

A

Infants, full-term pregnancy, renal insufficiency, G6PD deficiency

36
Q

MOA of Nitrofurantoin

A

Reduction by bacteria –> reactive intermediates that damage bacterial DNA but no systemic effects

Pharmacology - Midterm 2 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions