Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Review Cards for NSGY Self Assesment > export_cortical anatomy > Flashcards

export_cortical anatomy Flashcards

(68 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

How many cortical neurons are present in the brain

A

14 billion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some neuronal cell types

A
  1. Stellate
  2. Fusiform
  3. Pyramidal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some excitatory neurotransmitters

A
  1. Glutamate

2. Aspartate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some inhibitory neurotransmitters

A

GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many layers are there in the neocortex

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many layers are there in the allocortex

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where in the brain is the allocortex located?

A
  1. Olfactory cortex
  2. Hippocampus
  3. Dentate gyrus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 6 layers of the neocortex

A
  1. Molecular layer
  2. External granular layer
  3. External pyramidal
  4. Internal granular
  5. Internal pyramidal
  6. Multiform
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Features of the molecular layer

A

Most superficial layer, it contains horizontal axons, Golgi II cels and terminal dendritic processes.

Receives diffuse afferent fibers from the lower brain to control excitability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Features of the external granular layer

A

Contains closely packed granule cells. This region is poorly myelinated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Features of the external pyramidal layer

A

Contains pyramidal neurons, granule cells and Martinotti cells.

Commissural fibers which connect the two hemispheres and ipsilateral cortico-cortico association fibers lie within this region.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Features of the internal granular layer

A

Contains closely packed stellate cells.

This region is enlarged in the sensory cortex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the external band of Baillarger

A

It is a dense horizontal myelinated plexus found in the internal granular layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Features of the internal pyramidal layer.

A

Contains the largest cells - Betz cells.
It also contains pyramidal neurons, granule cells and Martinotti cells.

The main efferents from this region go to the brain stem and the spinal cord.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Internal band of Baillarger

A

Dense myelinated plexus which lies within the internal pyramidal layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The internal pyramidal layer is enlarged in which cortex

A

The motor cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The internal granular layer is enlarged in which cortex

A

The sensory cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Features of the multiform cortex

A

It contains spindle-shaped cells.

Projects efferent fibers to the thalamus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Brodman area 1,2,3:

A

Functional area: Primary somatosensory cortex
Location: Postcentral gyrus

Function: Touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Brodman area 4

A

Functional area: Primary motor cortex
Location: Precentral gyrus

Function: Voluntary motor control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Brodman area 5

A

Functional area: Tertiary somatosensory cortex and posterior parietal association
Location: Superior parietal lobule

Function: Stereogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Brodman area 6

A

Functional area: SMA, supplementary eye field, premotor adjacent cortex
Location: Premotor cortex and rostral adjacent cortex

Function: Limb and eye movement planning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Brodman area 7

A

Functional area: Posterior parietal association
Location: SPL

Function: Visuomotor control, perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Brodman area 8

A

Functional area: Frontal eye fields
Location:Superior and middle frontal gyri and the medial frontal lobe

Function: Visuomotor control, perception, saccadic eye movements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Brodman area 9,10,11,12
Functional area: Prefrontal association cortex, Location: Superior and middle frontal gyri. Function. Thought and cognition
26
Brodman areas 13,14,15,16
Functional area: Frontal eye fields Location: Medial frontal lobe. Insular cortex. Function: Movement planning
27
Brodman area 17
Functional area: Primary visual cortex Location: Banks of the calcarine fissure Function: Vision
28
Brodman area 18
Functional area: Secondary visual cortex Location: Medial and lateral occipital gyri Function: Vision and depth
29
Brodman area 19
Functional area: Temporal visual area Location: Occipital gyri Function: Depth
30
Brodman area 20
Functional area: Visual inferotemporal area Location: inferior temporal gyrus Function: Form vision
31
Brodman area 21
Functional area: Visual inferotemporal area Location: Middle temporal gyrus Function: Form vision
32
Brodman area 22
Functional area: Higher order auditory cortex Location: Superior temporal gyrus Function: Hearing and speech
33
Brodman area 23,24,25,26,27
Functional area: Limbic association cortex Location: Cingulate gyrus, subcallosal area, retrosplenial area, parahippocampal gyrus Function: Emotions
34
Brodman area 28
Functional area: Primary olfactory cortex and the limbic association cortex Location: Parahippocampal gyrus Function: Smell and emotions
35
Brodman area 29,30,31,32,33
Functional area: Limbic association cortex. Location: Cingulate gyrus Function: Emotions
36
Brodman area 34, 35, 36
Functional area: Primary olfactory cortex, limbic association cortex Location: Parahippocampal gryus Function: Smell, emotions
37
Brodman area 37
Functional area: Parietal-temporal-occipital association cortex. Middle temporal visual area. Location: Middle and inferior temporal gyri at the temporo-occipital junction Function: Perception, vision, reading and speech
38
Brodman area 38
Functional area: Primary olfactory cortex, limbic association cortex Location: Temporal pole Function: Smell and emotion
39
Brodman area 39
Functional area: Parieto-temporal-occipital association cortex. Location: Inferior parietal lobule/angular gyrus Function: Perception, vision, reading and speech
40
Brodman area 40
Functional area: Parieto-temporal-occipital association cortex Location: Inferior parietal lobule/supramarginal gyrus Function: Perception, vision, reading and speech
41
Brodman area 41
Functional area: Primary auditory cortex Location: Heschl's gyri and the superior temporal gyrus Function: Hearing
42
Brodman area 42
Functional area: Secondary auditory cortex. Location: Heschl's gyri and the superior temporal gyrus Function: Hearing
43
Brodman area 43
Functional area: Gustatory cortex Location: Insular cortex and the fronto-parietal operculum Function: Taste
44
Brodman area 44
Functional area: Broca's area, lateral premotor cortex Location: Inferior frontal gyrus/frontal operculum Function: Speech, movement planning
45
Brodman area 45
Functional area: Prefrontal association cortex Location: Inferior frontal gyrus, frontal operculum Function: Thought, cognition, planning and behavior
46
Brodman area 46 
Functional area: Prefrontal association cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Location: Middle frontal gyrus Function: Thought, cognition, planning, behavior, eye movement
47
Brodman area 47
Functional area: Prefrontal association cortex Location: Inferior frontal gyrus Function: Thought, cognition, planning and behavior.
48
What are the main sensory cortical areas?
1. Somatosensory area - 1,2,3 2. Visual area - 17 3. Auditory area - 41 4. Gustatory area - 43 5. Olfactory area
49
Features of the primary somatosensory area - Brodmann 1,2,3
It is located in the post-central gyrus Receives input from muscle spindles (3a), cutaneous (3b), deep joint receptors (2). These receptors send afferent signals via the medial lemniscus/spinothalamic tract and are relayed to the primary somatosensory cortex via the VPLc and VPM. Face and tongue have bilateral representation.
50
Features of the secondary somatosensory area
It is located on the superior bank of the lateral sulcus. Where it receives input from the primary somatosensory cortex bilaterally and the ipsilateral VPLc and VPM. It sends information to the ipsilateral S1 and motor cortex
51
Features of the somatosensory association area - Brodmann 5,7
Located in the superior parietal lobule. | It integrates sensory data; lesions here cause tactile agnosias or astereognosis.
52
Features of the primary visual cortex
Located in the banks of the calcarine sulcus extending around the occipital pole. The macula is the posterior 1/3 of the calcarine cortex/occipital pole. Receives its input from the LGB via the geniculocalcarine fibers. Sends its output to the superior colliculus and LGB via the internal sagittal stratum and corticofugal fibers.
53
Features of the secondary visual cortex - Brodman areas 18 and 19
Input LGB and pulvinar. Lesions here cause visual agnosia. 
54
Features of the primary auditory cortex - Brodman area 41
Located in the transverse gyri of Heschl in the superior temporal gyrus. Receives its input from the MGB which is tonotopically organized ventrally. The cortex itself contains isofrequency cell columns. Lesions here will cause bilateral partial deafness but more to the contralateral side as the cochlea project bilaterally but more to the contralateral side. 
55
The only auditory commissure needed for sound localization is the......
Trapezoid body. 
56
Features of the gustatory area - Brodman 43
It is located in the post-central operculum. It receives input from the ipsilateral nucleus solitarius via the VPMpc
57
Where is the vestibular cortex located
The inferior parietal lobule. 
58
What are the main motor cortical areas
1. Primary motor - 4 2. Premotor - 6a 3. Supplemental motor area - 6a 4. Frontal eye fields - 8
59
Features of the primary motor cortex - 4
It is located in the precentral cortex and is involved in voluntary motor control. Characterized by the heavy presence of Betz cells. Output includes corticobulbar and corticospinal fibers. These outputs project unilaterally with the exception of those for the eye, tongue and face. 
60
Features of the pre-motor cortex - 6a
Located on the lateral aspect of the cortex anterior to area 4 and is involved in voluntary motor control for responses dependent on sensory input. Receives input from cortical, VL and VA thalamic nuclei. Lesions here cause no discernible deficit.
61
Features of the supplemental motor cortex - 6a
Involved in programming, planning and the initiation of motor movements. It is located on the medial aspect of the hemisphere anterior to area 4 - medial SFG. Has bilateral input and sends output to the ipsilateral area 4, 6, 5, 7, spinal cord, basal ganglia and thalamus, 
62
Features of the frontal eye fields - Brodman 8
Lies rostral to the premotor area - caudal MFG. Initiates saccadic eye movements - stimulation causes contralateral eye deviation. Output to the rostral interstitial nucleus of the MLF, interstitial nucleus of Cajal, paramedian pontine reticular formation and superior colliculus. Lesions here - impaired saccadic eye movements.
63
Which area of S1 does not project to the motor cortex
Area 3
64
The motor cortex has reciprocal fibers with the entire thalamus with the exception of the.....
Thalamic reticular nulcei. The thalamic reticular nuclei receives afferent fibers from the entire cortex but does not send them back. 
65
Which part of the cerebellum projects to the M1
Contralateral cerebellum. 
66
Handedness may be determined by what hormone during brain development
Testosterone
67
Lesions in the dominant angular and supramarginal gyrus cause what syndrome?
Gerstmann's syndrome: Right/left dissociation, finger agnosia, acalculia, agraphia and failure to appreciate hemiparesis. 
68
Where is the motor strip usually located in relation to the coronal suture?
It is usually 4-5cm behind the coronal suture

Review Cards for NSGY Self Assesment (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions