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Reproduction Final (2015) > Reproduction Final Part 8 (Pozor) > Flashcards

Reproduction Final Part 8 (Pozor) Flashcards

1
Q

Which chromosome is the sex chromosome in chickens? What about pigeons?

A

Chickens –> 5th

Pigeons –> 4th

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2
Q

In avian species, what are the chromosomal combinations for male and female?

A

Male –> ZZ

Female –> ZW

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3
Q

At what point in avian development is sex determined?

A

Ovulation

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4
Q

Describe the location of the testis in birds.

A

Dorsal to the caudal end of the lung and cranial margin to the kidney.

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5
Q

Describe the different colors that avian testes may be depending on species.

A

Cream –> most
Black –> cockatoos
Grey-green –> toucans

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6
Q

Describe the positioning of the avian epididymis on the testis.

A

Dorsomedial surface

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7
Q

T/F: Birds have NO male accessory sex glands.

A

TRUE

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8
Q

How is mechanical sex achieved in birds?

A

Since males don’t have penises, birds breed by cloacal touching.

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9
Q

Contrast determinate egg layers from indeterminate egg layers.

A

Determinate egg layers produce a fixed number of eggs no matter what. Indeterminate egg layers can increase their egg production to replace lost eggs.

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10
Q

Describe the avian ovary.

A
  • Left side develops in most birds
  • Caudal to lung
  • Cranial to kidney
  • Follicular development occurs early
  • Juvenile: appears like a brain
  • Mature: appears like tapioca
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11
Q

T/F: All animal species have a corpus luteum after ovulation.

A

FALSE

Birds do not.

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12
Q

Name some key characteristics/events associated with the avian infundibulum.

A
  • Fertilization occurs here
  • Yolk membrane outer layer formed
  • Sperm may sometimes be stored here
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13
Q

Name some key characteristics/events associated with the avian magnum.

A
  • Longest section

- Where the majority of the albumin is deposited

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14
Q

Name some key characteristics/events associated with the avian isthmus.

A
  • Calcification begins here

- Two shell membrane secreted

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15
Q

Name some key characteristics/events associated with the avian uterus.

A
  • Shell gland
  • Addition of water and electrolytes into egg
  • Calcification occurs and finishes
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16
Q

Name some key characteristics/events associated with the avian vagina.

A
  • Relatively short

- Houses sperm in sperm nests until ovulation

17
Q

Describe hoe the geminal disc can be used to determine whether an egg is fertile or not.

A

Fertile –> disc is a blastoderm, looks like a doughnut

Infertile –> disc is a solid white spot

18
Q

Male birds reach puberty (sooner/later) than female birds.

A

Male birds reach puberty LATER than female birds.

19
Q

Describe some signs of avian pair bonding.

A
  • Regurgitation
  • Copulation
  • Nest-seeking and building
  • Feeding
  • Preening
  • Can be done with owner in absence of suitable mate
20
Q

Name an effect puberty has upon male birds.

A

It causes their testis to swell 500x their original size.

21
Q

Describe the photoperiod of most birds.

A

Most birds –> long-day breeders

Emus –> short-day breeders

22
Q

What is the effect of rainfall on tropical and desert species of birds?

A

It stimulates breeding behavior.

23
Q

Which avian sex is generally first to obtain a suitable nesting site?

A

Male

24
Q

Describe the process of osteomyelosclerosis.

A
  • Ossification of the marrow in long bones of the females.
  • Occurs before egg laying
  • Stimulated by androgens and estrogen
  • May replace up to 75% of bone marrow
25
Q

What happens to a hen’s blood-calcium around the time of laying?

A
  • Increased estrogen results in increased plasma calcium

- Serum calcium may be 20-30 mg/dL

26
Q

Roughly how long does it take to pass an egg for the average chicken?

A

24-48 hours.

27
Q

Describe oviposition.

A
  • Brown kiwis
  • Egg remains in uterus for 44 days
  • Signs include: straining; decreased defecation; increased fecal volume, wide-based stance
28
Q

Name some avians at risk of ovarian neoplasia. What about those at risk of testicular neoplasia?

A

Ovarian –> chicken, budgie

Testicular –> budgie

29
Q

What area of the avian reproductive tract is most at risk of egg binding?

A

Uterus

Reproduction Final (2015) (9 decks)

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