Lecture 2 Public Health - road crash injuries Flashcards
For effective injury prevention and control, injuries must be defined simultaneously by what two things?
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What four things do you use for classification of injuries and what is the main point with the level of classification that you choose
- Intentional/unin
- Nature and area of injury
- Purpose of activity
- Setting of event
- What level of classification you choose depends on what your questions are
What is the evidence based approach to injury prevention:
- What is the underlying assumption with injuries?
- When the evidence-based approach to injury prevention applies epidemiological analysis to understanding injuries, what three things does it do?
- Models form the basis for many approaches to understanding injuries in the community, what is a common perspective to guide research efforts?
- What is the public health approach to prevention?
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What is the burden of injury in NZ (1990 vs 2015)
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NZ burden - DALYs:
- Injury (fatal + non fatal) related to health loss is ___ most important cause across all age groups
- ___ most important cause in children and young people
- ____ account for nearly 3/4 of injury-related health loss
- Maori are ____ the rate compared to non-Maori
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For fatal/injury crashes by age, gender by km driven, what was the stats like for the youngsters?
Younger age groups (bars are distance drive – good denom bc takes into account the difference in exposure) are circled because (lines are by licenses) they have high risk. Older drivers are also at risk because frailty – if they have a crash, they’re more likely to suffer serious complication because of their body etc. Females young higher risk than young makes – first time in history
- Cost of also a burden of road traffic injury, what two types of cost are associated with them?
- Give a brief overview of what the social cost of a road crash or road injury is for NZ?
3.
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Now that you have described the problem, you need to develop an evidence base to help you decide about interventions - what do you start by doing?
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Identifying causes of injury and intervention - what about it?
- Look at causes, risk factors
- RTIs have multiple causes
- See the driver, vehicle and environment etc
What was the old approach for understanding and preventing injury? What’s the new one?
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What does a Haddon Matrix look like?
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Where do you look for evidence about causes for crashes?
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Traffic crash reports -what are limitations for assessing causality?
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What is the major issue when looking at causes of injury?
Important exposures may be ______ or intermittent
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Interventions:
- Both primary and secondary prevents need to be considered. Passive as well as active are both good. For primary, what should we consider? High risk individuals or population-based approaches
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