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0001 STEP ONE RAPID REVIEW DX > Classic lab findings > Flashcards

Classic lab findings Flashcards

1
Q

anticentromere antibodies

A

scleroderma (CREST) (calcinosis, Raynaud phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia)

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2
Q

anti-desmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

A

pemphigus vulgaris (blistering) - intraepidermal

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3
Q

anti-glomerular bm antibodies

A

goodpasteur syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

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4
Q

anti-histone antibodies

A

drug induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)

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5
Q

anti-IgG antibodies

A

RA (systemic inflammaiton, joint pannus boutonniere deformity)

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6
Q

antimitochondrial antibodies

A

primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, hypertension)

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7
Q

antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies ANCA

A

Microscopic polyangitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis (Churg-strauss syndrome) (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA); granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)

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8
Q

antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-smith anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

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9
Q

antiplatelet antibodies

A

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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10
Q

anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

diffuse systemic scleroderma

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11
Q

anti-transgluatminase / anti-gliadin / anti-endomysial antibodies

A

celiac disease (diarrhea weight loss)

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12
Q

apple core lesion on barium enema x ray

A

colorectal cancer (usually left sided)

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13
Q

atypical lymphocytes

A

EBV

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14
Q

azurophilic peroxidase (+) granular inclusion in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

auer rods (aml, especially the promyelocytic (m3) type)

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15
Q

bacitracin response

A

sensitive: s pyogenes (group a); resistant S. agalactiae (group b)

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16
Q

BAMBOO spine on x-ray

A

ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)

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17
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

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18
Q

basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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19
Q

Bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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20
Q

boot shaped heart on x ray

A

tetralogy of fallot (due to RVH)

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21
Q

Tetrology of fallot

A

VS defect
pulmonary stenosis
RVH
Overarching aorta

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22
Q

branching gram positive rods with sulfur granules

A

actinomyces israelii (facultative anaerobes)

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23
Q

bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

pancoast tumor (can compress cervical sympathetic hcain and cause horner syndrome)

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24
Q

brown tumor of bone

A

hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

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25
Q

cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

chagas disease (typanosoma cruzi)

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26
Q

cellular crescents in Bowman capsule

A

rapidly progressive crescentric glomerulonephritis

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27
Q

chocolate cyst of ovary

A

endometriosis (frequent involves both ovaries)

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28
Q

circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibirls

A

Horner Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medullosblastoma)

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29
Q

colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

A

cystic fibrosis - AR CFTR –> fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs

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30
Q

decreased AFP in amniotic fluid / maternal serum

A

Down syndrome or other chromosomal anomalies

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31
Q

degeneration of dorsal column fibers

A

tabes dorsalis - tertiary syphillis; subacute combined degernation (dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebellar tracts affected)

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32
Q

delta wave on EKG, short PR interval, supraventricular tachycardia

A

Wolff parkinson white syndrome (bundal of kent bypasses AV node)

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33
Q

depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A

parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

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34
Q

desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma, can result in whorled mucous plugs)

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35
Q

disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluid

A

call-exner bodes (granulosa cell tumors of the ovary)

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36
Q

dysplastic squamous cervical cells with “raisinoid” nucli and hyperchromasia

A

koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)

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37
Q

electrical alternans (alternating amplitude on ekg)

A

pericardial temponade

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38
Q

enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

owl eye appearance of cmv

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39
Q

enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei with central clearing

A

orphan annie eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

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40
Q

eosinophlic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

A

mallory body - alcoholic liver disease

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41
Q

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell

A

lewy body (parkinson disease)

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42
Q

eosinophilic globule in liver

A

councilman body (viral hepatitis, yellow fever), represents hepatocyte undergoing apoptosis

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43
Q

eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons

A

negri bodies of rabies

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44
Q

extracelluar amyloid deposition in grey matter of brain

A

senile plaques (alzheimer disease)

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45
Q

giant b cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (owls eye)

A

hodgkins lymphoma (reed sternburg cells)

46
Q

glomerulus like structure surround vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

47
Q

Hair on end (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray

A

b-thalassemia, sickle cell disease (marrow expansion)

48
Q

hCG level elevated

A

choriocarinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and wihtout embryo, and multiple pregnancy)

49
Q

heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

50
Q

heterophile antibodies

A

infectious mononucleosis

51
Q

hexagonal, double pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

bronchial asthma (charcot-leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

52
Q

high level of d-dimers

A

DVT, PE, DIC

53
Q

hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

A

Ghon complex (primary TB: mycobacterium bacili)

54
Q

honeycomb lung on x-ray or CT

A

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

55
Q

hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)

A

Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of the pancreas or lungs)

56
Q

hypersegmented neutrophils

A

megaloblastic anemia (b12 defeicency: neuro signals; folate deficiency: no neuro signs)

57
Q

hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

A

Conn syndrome (primary hyperalodteronism)

58
Q

hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)

59
Q

increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

dating error, anancephaly, spina bifida, (neural tube defects)

60
Q

increased uric acid levels

A

gout, lesch-nyhan, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics

61
Q

intranuclear eosinophilic droplet like bodies

A

cowdry type A bodies (HSV or VSV)

62
Q

Iron containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

ferruginous bodies (abestosis - increases chance of mesothelioma)

63
Q

keratin pearls on a skin biopsy

A

squamous cell carcinoma

64
Q

large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chediak Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

65
Q

lead pipe appearance of colon on abdominal imaging

A

ulcerative colitis - loss of haustra

66
Q

linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular and alveolar BM

A

Goodpasteur

67
Q

low serum ceruloplasmin

A

wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)

68
Q

lumpy bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

A

poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (due to deposition of IgG, IgM, and C3)

69
Q

Lytic bone (punched out) bone lesion on x-ray

A

multiple myeloma

70
Q

mammary gland (blue domed cyst)

A

fibrocystic change of the breast

71
Q

monoclonal antibody spike

A

multiple myeloma - usually IgG or IgA
monoclonal gammopathy of undeterine significance (MGUS) consequence of aging
waldenstrom (M- ptoein = IgM) macroglobulinemia
Primary amyloidosis

72
Q

mucin filled cell with peripheral nucleus

A

signet ring (gastric carcinoma)

73
Q

narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray

A

string sign (chrons)

74
Q

necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A

granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegener, PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA) and Goodpasteur syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)

75
Q

needle shaped negatively birefringent crystals

A

gout (monosodium urate)

76
Q

nodular hyaline deposits in the glomeruli

A

kimmelstiel wilson nodules (diabetic neuropathy)

77
Q

novobiocin response

A

sensitive: s epidermidis
resistent: s. saprophyticus

78
Q

nutmeg liver

A

chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure or budd-chiari syndrome

79
Q

onion skin periosteal reaction

A

ewing sarcoma (malignant small blue cell tumor)

80
Q

optochin response

A

sensitive: s. penumoniae
resistent: viridians streptococci (s. mutans, s. sanguis)

81
Q

podocyte fusion of “effacement” on electron microscopy

A

minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)

82
Q

polished “ivory like” appearacne of bone at cartilage erosion

A

eburnation (osteoarthritis resutling in bony clerosis)

83
Q

protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein

A

neruofibrillary tangles (alzheimers disease) and pick bodies (pick disease)

84
Q

psammoma bodies

A

meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary

85
Q

pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

glioblastoma multiform

86
Q

rbc casts in urine

A

glomerulonephritis

87
Q

rectangular, crystal like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

A

reinke crystals (leydig cell tumor)

88
Q

recurrent infections, eczema, thromocytopenia

A

Wiskott aldrich syndrome

89
Q

renal epithelial casts in urine

A

intrinsic renal failure (ischemia or toxin)

90
Q

rhomboid crystals, positive biofringence

A

pseudogout (calicum pyrophosphage dihydrate cyrstals)

91
Q

rib notching

A

coarctation of the aorta

92
Q

ring enhancing brains lesion in aids

A

toxoplasma gondii, cns lymphoma

93
Q

sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale tingible body-laden macrophages - starry sky

A

burkitt lymphoma - (t(8:14) c-myc activation, associated with EBV ‘starry sky” made up of malignant cells

94
Q

silver staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

pick bodies (pick disease progressive dementia, changes in personality)

95
Q

soap bubble in femur or tibia on x-ray

A

giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

96
Q

spikes on BM “dome like” subepithelial deposits

A

Membranous nephropathy (nephrotic syndrome)

97
Q

stacks of RBCs

A

rouleaux formations (high ESR, multiple myeloma)

98
Q

steeple sign on CXR

A

Croup (parainfluenza virus)

99
Q

stippled vaginal epithelial cells

A

clue cells - gardnerella vaginalis

100
Q

streptococcus bovis (gallolyticus) bacterium

A

colon cancer

101
Q

tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in langerhans cells

A

birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis)

102
Q

thousands of polyps on colonoscopy

A

FAP (AD in apc)

103
Q

thrombi make white/red layers

A

lines of zahn - arterial thrombus, layers of platelets, RBCs

104
Q

thumb sign on lateral neck x-ray

A

epiglottitis (H flu)

105
Q

thyroid like appearance of kidney

A

chronic pyelonephritis (usually due to recurrent infections)

106
Q

tram track appearnce of capillary loops of glomerular BM on light microscopy

A

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

107
Q

triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

fatty liver diseae (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

108
Q

waxy casts with very low urine flow

A

chronic end stage renal disease

109
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

acute pyleonephritis

110
Q

WBCs that look “smudged”

A

CLL (almost always b cells)

111
Q

Wire loop glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy

A

Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis - usually seen with lupus

112
Q

yellowish csf

A

xanthochromia (e.g. due to SAH)

0001 STEP ONE RAPID REVIEW DX (25 decks)

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