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0001 STEP ONE RAPID REVIEW DX > Key associations > Flashcards

Key associations Flashcards

1
Q

actinic (solar) keratosis

A

precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

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2
Q

acute gastric ulcer associated with cns injury

A

cushing ulcer (increased intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric acid secretion)

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3
Q

acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

A

curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

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4
Q

alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon?

A

Crohns disease (skip lesions)

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5
Q

aortic aneurysm, abdominal

A

atherosclerosis

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6
Q

aortic anuerysm, ascending or arch

A

tertiary syphillis (syphilitic aortitis) vasa vasorum destruction

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7
Q

aortic aneurysm, thoracic

A

marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

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8
Q

aoritc dissection

A

hypertension

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9
Q

atrophy of mamillary bodies

A

wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthamoplegia, and confusion)

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10
Q

autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

sick cells disease (hemoglobin S)

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11
Q

bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and stomach cancer

A

h pylori

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12
Q

bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

A

strep pneumo

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13
Q

bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

A

Group b strep / e coli (newborns)

s pneumo / n meningitidis (kids/teens)

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14
Q

bilateral ovarian mets from gastric carcinoma

A

bernard-soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)

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15
Q

brain tumor (Adults)

A

supratentorial: metastasis, astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme), meningioma, schwannoma

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16
Q

brain tumor (child)

A

infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma

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17
Q

breast cancer

A

invasive ductal carcinoma

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18
Q

breast mass

A

fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal)

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19
Q

breast tumor (benign)

A

fibroadenoma

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20
Q

cardiac primary tumor (kids)

A

rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

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21
Q

cardiac manifestation of lupus

A

marantic/thrombotic endocarditis (nonbacterial) - both sides of valve

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22
Q

cardiac tumor (adults)

A

mets, myxoma (90% in left atrium; ball and valve)

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23
Q

cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

chiari II malformation

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24
Q

chronic arrhythmia

A

atrial fibrillation (assoicated with high risk of emboli)

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25
Q

chornic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

A

predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

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26
Q

clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

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27
Q

congenital adrenal hyperplasia, with hypotension

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

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28
Q

congential conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

A

Dubin johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

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29
Q

constrictive peridcarditis

A

TB (developing world); idiopathic, viral illness (developed world)

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30
Q

coronary artery involved in thrombosis

A

LAD>RCA>Circumflex

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31
Q

cretinism

A

iodine deficiency / congenital hypothyroidism

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32
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A

iatrogenic (from corticosteroid therapy)
adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
acth-secreting pituitary adenoma (cushing’s disease)
paraneoplastic (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)

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33
Q

Cyanosis (early; less common)

A

Tetrology of Fallot, transposition of the great vessels, truncus arteriosus (one vessel)

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34
Q

Cyanosis (late; more common)

A

VSD; ASD; PDA

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35
Q

Death in CML

A

Blast crisis (>30% cells are blasts)

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36
Q

Death in SLE

A

Lupus nephropathy

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37
Q

Dementia

A

Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts (vascular dementia)

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38
Q

demyelinating disease in young women

A

ms

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39
Q

DIC

A

severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery

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40
Q

diverticulum in pharynx

A

zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)

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41
Q

dietary deficit

A

iron

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42
Q

esophageal cancer

A

squamous cell carcinoma (world wide); adenocarcinoma (US)

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43
Q

food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

A

S aureus

Bacillus cereus

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44
Q

glomerulonephritis (Adults)

A

Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)

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45
Q

gynecologic malignancy

A

endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical cancer (most common worldwide)

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46
Q

heart murmur, congenital

A

mitral valve prolapse

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47
Q

heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

A

mitral>aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)

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48
Q

helminth infections (US)

A

Enterobius vermicularis, ascaris lumbricoides

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49
Q

hematoma - epidural

A

rupture of middle meningal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped) - like eye

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50
Q

hematoma -subdural

A

rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)

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51
Q

hemochromatosis

A

multiple blood transufrions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in hear failure, “bronze diabetes” and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma

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52
Q

hepatocelluar carcinoma

A

cirrhotic liver (associted with hep B and C and with alcoholism)

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53
Q

hereditary bleeding disorder

A

von willebrand disease

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54
Q

hereditary harmless jaundice

A

gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

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55
Q

HLA-B27

A

reactive arthritis
ankylosing spondlyitis
ulcerative colitis
psoriatic arthritis

56
Q

HLA-DR3

A

DM1
SLE
Graves
hashimotos thyroiditis

57
Q

HLA-DR4

A

DM1,

RA

58
Q

Holosystolic murmur

A

VSD,
Tricuspid regurgitiation
mitral regurgitiation

59
Q

hypercoagulability
endothelial damage
blood stasis

A

virchow traid (increased risk of thrombosis)

60
Q

hypertension, secondary

A

renal disease

61
Q

hypoparathyroiddism

A

accidentail excision during thyroidectomy

62
Q

hypopituitarism

A

pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)

63
Q

infection secondary to blood transfusion

A

hep c

64
Q

infection in chronic granulmoatous disease

A

s aureus
e coli
aspergillus (calatase (+))

65
Q

intellectual disability

A

down syndrome, fragile x syndrome

66
Q

kidney stones

A

calcium = radiopaque
struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease (+) organisms such as klebsiella, proteus species, and s saprophyticus)
uric acid = radiolucent

67
Q

late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right become right to left)

A

eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension, polycythemia)

68
Q

liver disease

A

alcoholic cirrhosis

69
Q

lysosomal storage disase

A

gaucher

70
Q

male cancer

A

prostate

71
Q

malignancy associated wtih noninfectious fever

A

hodgkin lymphoma

72
Q

malignancy (kids)

A

ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

73
Q

mets to bone

A

prostate, breast > lung > thyroid

74
Q

mets to brain

A

lung > breast > gu > melanoma > gi

75
Q

mets to liver

A

colon&raquo_space; stomach, pancreas

76
Q

mitochondrial inheritance

A

disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only

77
Q

mitral valve stenosis

A

rheumatic heart disease

78
Q

mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease

A

als

79
Q

myocarditis

A

coxsackie b

80
Q

nephrotic syndrome (adults)

A

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

81
Q

nephrotic syndrome (kids)

A

minimal change disease

82
Q

nosocomial pneumonia

A

s. aureus, pseudomonas, other enteric gram negative rods

83
Q

neuron migration failure

A

Kallman syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)

84
Q

obstruction of male urinary tract

A

BPH

85
Q

Opening snap

A

mitral stenosis

86
Q

opporutnistic infection in aids

A

pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

87
Q

osteomyelitis

A

s aureus (most common overall)

88
Q

osteomyleitis in sickle cell disease

A

salmonella

89
Q

osteomyletitis with iv drug users

A

pseudomonas, candida, s. aureaus

90
Q

ovarian tumor (benign bilateral)

A

serous cystadenoma

91
Q

ovarian tumor (malignant)

A

serous cystadenocarcinoma

92
Q

pacreatitis (acute)

A

gallstones and alcohol

93
Q

pancreastitis (chornic)

A

alcohol (adults) cystic fibosis (kids)

94
Q

patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML

A

ALL: child;
CLL: adult>60
AML: adult around 65
CML: adult 45-85

95
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease

A

C trachomatis

N gonorrhoeae

96
Q

Philadelphia chromosome t(9:22) BCR-ABL

A

CML (may sometimes be associated with all/aml)

97
Q

pituitary tumor

A

prolactinoma, somatotropic adenoma

98
Q

primary amenorrhea

A

turner syndrome (45xo)

99
Q

primary bone tumor (adults)

A

multiple myeloma

100
Q

primary hyperaldosteronism

A

adenoma of adrenal cortex

101
Q

primary hyperparathyroidism

A

adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma

102
Q

primary liver cancer

A

hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromastosis, alpha-1-antityrpisn deficiency, Wilson disease)

103
Q

pulmonary hypertension

A

COPD

104
Q

Recurrent inflammation / thrombosis of small medium vessels in extremities

A

Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco) so stop fucking smoking

105
Q

Renal tumor

A

Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel Lindau and cigerette smoking, paraneoplasic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTHrP, acth)

106
Q

Right heart failure due to pulmonary cause

A

cor pulmonale

107
Q

S3 hear sound

A

increased ventricular filling pressure (e.g. mitral regurg, HF) common in dilated ventricles

108
Q

S4 heart sound

A

stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)

109
Q

secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease

110
Q

std

A

c trachomatis (usually coninfected with n gonorrhoeae)

111
Q

SIADH

A

small cell lung cancer

112
Q

site of diverticula

A

sigmoid colon

113
Q

sites of atherosclerosis

A

abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid

114
Q

stomach cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

115
Q

stomach ulceration and high gastrin level

A

zollinger ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)

116
Q

t(14;18)

A

follicular lymphomas (BCL-2 activation, anti-apoptotic oncogene)

117
Q

t(8:14)

A

Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc fusion, transcription factor oncogene)

118
Q

t(9;22)

A

philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl activation, tyrosine kinase oncogene)

119
Q

temporal arteritis

A

risk of ipsilateral blindenss due to occulsion of ophthlalmic artery, polymyalgia rheumatica

120
Q

testicular tumor

A

seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)

121
Q

thyroid cancer

A

papillary carcinoma

122
Q

tumore in women

A

leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)

123
Q

tumor of infancy

A

strawberry hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)

124
Q

tumor of the adrenal medulla (Adults)

A

pheochromocytoma (usually benign)

125
Q

tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)

A

neuroblastoma (malignant)

126
Q

type of hodgkin lymphoma

A

nodular sclerosing (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)

127
Q

type of non-hodgkin lymphoma

A

diffuse large B cell lymphoma

128
Q

UTI

A 
e coli
s saprophyticus (young women)
129
Q

verterbral compression fracture

A

osteoporosis (type i: postmenopausal women)

type ii: elderly man or woman

130
Q

viral encephalitis

A

HSV1

131
Q

Vitamin deficiency (US)

A

Folate (preggo - body store only 3 month supply - prevents neural tube defects)

132
Q

You know that berry anuerysms are associated with Ehler’s Danlos - what other condition are they commonly associated with

A

ADPKD - and Ehler’s Danlos have this in common

133
Q

Xanthochromia or gross blood in lumbar puncture might tell you what?

A

If they have a severe headache - then Subarachnoid hemorrhage - find this in csf

134
Q

recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage

A

cerebral amyloid angiopathy - old people - yield focal neuro deficits

135
Q

charcot bouchard aneurysms

A

occur in people with long standing hypertension - found in arterioles that supply the basal ganglia - internal capsule - deep white matter - intracerebebral hemorrhage

0001 STEP ONE RAPID REVIEW DX (25 decks)

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