6- Anterior Neck

Question 1

Label these Pertinent Bony Landmarks of the head

Answer 1

Question 2

Superficial Musculature: PLATYSMA

Where does it Project from?

Answer 2

PLATYSMA projects from the mandible.

Question 3

Platysma:

it projects from the Mandible

and

blends with the _______ ______

Answer 3

Pectoral Fascia

Question 4

What is the Platysma innervated by?

hint CN:?

Answer 4

Playsma is innervated by CN VII

aka

Facial Nerve

Question 5

Platysma:

what is the main FUNCTION?

Answer 5

Main function is to tense the skin of the Anterior neck

also has the ability to depress the Mandible

Question 6

Label these Superficial Musculatures

Answer 6

Question 7

What does SCM stand for?

Answer 7

Sternocleidomastoid

Question 8

How many heads does SCM have?

and what are they called?

Answer 8

Sternocleidomastoid has 2 heads

Sternal Head

Clavicular Head

Question 9

Where does the SCM attach to(3)?

Answer 9

The Sternocleidomastoid attaches to:

Mastoid Process

Manubrium of Sternum

Medial 1/3 of Clavicle

Question 10

What is the Sternocleidomastoid innervated by?

HINT: CN?

Answer 10

SCM is innervated by CN XI aka Spinal accessory nerve

Question 11

What are the Functions of SCM?

Answer 11

The Sternocleidomastoid’s functions are:

Bilaterally- cervical flexion

Unilaterally- ipsilateral sidebending and contralateral rotation

Question 12

What are the 3 Boundaries of the Posterior Triangle?

Answer 12

1- SCM anteriorly

2- Upper Trapezius Posteriorly

3- Clavicle Inferiorly

Question 13

What are the 9 Contents of the Posterior Triangle formed by the SCM, Trapezius, and Clavicle?

Answer 13

1- CN XI aka Spinal Accessory Nerve

2- Branches of Cervical Plexus

3- Roots and Trunks of Brachial Plexus

4- Phrenic nerves (C3, C4, C5)

5- Subclavian Artery

6- Inferior Belly of Omohyoid

7- All 3 Scalene Muscles

8- Levator Scapula

9- Splenius Cervicis/Capitus

Question 14

What is the Borders of the Anterior Triangle (3)?

Answer 14

1- Midline of the Neck Anteriorly

2- SCM Posteriorly

3- Mandible Superiorly

Question 15

What is the 2 Contents of the Anterior Triangle?

Answer 15

1- Supra-hyoid muscles

2-Infra-hyoid muscles

Question 16

There is a Superficial Musculature called Scalene. They are also split into 3 parts. What are three parts called?

Answer 16

1- Anterior scalene

2- Middle scalene

3- Posterior scalene

Question 17

Whare is the attachment of Anterior scalene?

Answer 17

Transverse Process of C3-C6

to

1st Rib

Question 18

What are the attachments of Middle scalene?

Answer 18

Transverse processes of C2-C6

to

1st Rib

Question 19

What are the attachments of Posterior scalene?

Answer 19

Transverse processes of C5-C7

to

2nd rib

Question 20

What muscle is the Posterior scalene found deep to?

Answer 20

Posterior scalene is found deep to Levator Scapula

Question 21

What are all 3 Scalenes innervated by?

Answer 21

All 3 are innervated by

Anterior rami

of

Cervical Spinal Nerves

Question 22

What are the three Actions capable of the Scalenes?

Answer 22

1- Bilaterally- Cervical Flexion

2- Unilaterally: Ipsilateral- Cervical sidebending

3- Unilaterally: Contralateral- Cervical rotation

Question 23

Label the Hyoid and Larynx area

Answer 23

Question 24

Label of Vocal folds of the Larynx

Answer 24

Question 25

Name the 5 Infrahyoid Musculatures

Answer 25

1- Sternohyoid 2- Omohyoid 3- Thryohyoid 4- Sternothyroid 5- Cricothyroid

Question 26

What are the attachements of the Sternohyoid?

Answer 26

The Sternohyoid attaches from Manubrium to Hyoid

Question 27

What innervates the Sternohyoid?

Answer 27

The Sternohyoid is innervated by the Cervical Anterior Rami

Question 28

During Deglutination, what does the Sternhyoid cause the Hyoid to do?

Answer 28

Depresses the Hyoid during Deglutination (swallowing)

Question 29

The Omohyoid is split into two parts known as "bellies" , what are they called?

Answer 29

1- Superior belly 2- Inferior belly

Question 30

What are the attachments of the Omohyoid?

Answer 30

The Omohyoid attaches from Superior angle of Scapula to the Hyoid \*\*\*the intermediate tendon tethers to the Clavicle via a Fascial Sling\*\*\*

Question 31

The Omohyoid's intermediate tendon tethers to what? and by does it hang off of it?

Answer 31

The intermediate tendon is tethered to the clavicle via the Fascial Sling

Question 32

What is the Omohyoid innervated by?

Answer 32

The Omohyoid is innervated by the Cervical Anterior rami

Question 33

What is the function of the Omohyoid?

Answer 33

it can depress and retract the Hyoid

Question 34

What are the attachments of the Tyhrohyoid?

Answer 34

The Thyrohyoid attaches from the Thyroid cartilage to the Hyoid

Question 35

Thyrohyoid is innervated by what?

Answer 35

Thyrohyoid is innervated by CN XII (Facial)

Question 36

What does the Thyrohyoid do?

Answer 36

The Thyrohyoid depresses the hyoid and Elevates the Larynx

Question 37

What are the attachments of the Sternothyroid?

Answer 37

The Sternothyroid attaches from Manubrium to Thyroid cartilage

Question 38

What innervates the Sternothyroid?

Answer 38

The Sternothyroid is innervated by the Cervical Anterior Rami

Question 39

What does the Sternohyoid do?

Answer 39

Sternohyoid depresses the Hyoid and depresses the Larynx

Question 40

What are the attachments of the Cricothyroid?

Answer 40

The Cricothyroid is attached from the Cricoid Cartilage to the Thyroid Cartilage

Question 41

What innervates the Cricothyroid?

Answer 41

Cricothyroid is innervated by CN X aka Vagus Nerve

Question 42

What does the Cricothyroid do?

Answer 42

The Cricothyroid causes the Vocal Folds to Tense up for PHONATION

Question 43

What are the 4 Suprahyoid Musculatures?

Answer 43

1- Digastric 2- Stylohyoid 3- Mylohyoid 4- Geniohyoid

Question 44

How many bellies does Digastric have and what is it called?

Answer 44

2 Anterior belly and Posterior belly

Question 45

What are the attachments of Digastric?

Answer 45

Digastic attaches from Mandible to Mastoid process \*\*\*has an intermediate tendon tethered to Hyoid via Fascial Sling\*\*\*

Question 46

The Digastric attaches from the Mandible to the Mastoid Process. It also has an intermediate tendon. What does it tether to and by what/via what?

Answer 46

The Digastric tethers to the Hyoid via Fascial Sling

Question 47

What is the Digastric innervated by?

Answer 47

The Digastric is innervated by CN VII aka Facial nerve

Question 48

What is the function of Digastric?

Answer 48

The Digastric elevates the hyoid during Deglutination and Depresses mandible against resistance (Forceful)

Question 49

What are the attachments of Stylohyoid?

Answer 49

Stylolyoid attaches from the Styloid Process to the Hyoid

Question 50

What does the Stylohyoid run parallel to?

Answer 50

The Stylohyoid runs Anteriorly, parallel to the Posterior belly of Digastric

Question 51

What innervated the Stylohyoid?

Answer 51

The Stylohyoid is innervated by CN VII aka Facial nerve

Question 52

What does the Stylohyoid do?

Answer 52

Stylohyoid Elevates the Hyoid and Retracts the Hyoid

Question 53

What are the attachments of Mylohyoid?

Answer 53

The Mylohyoid attaches from the Mandible to Hyoid

Question 54

What innervated the Mylohyoid?

Answer 54

Mylohyoid is innervated by CN V3 aka Mandibular branch of the Trigeminal nerve

Question 55

What does the Mylohyoid do?

Answer 55

Mylohyoid Elevates the Hyoid, floor of the Mouth, and Tongue during Deglutination

Question 56

What are the attachments for Geniohyoid?

Answer 56

Geniohyoid attaches from Mandible to Hyoid it runs almost perpendicular to mylohyoid

Question 57

What does the Geniohyoid run perpendicular with?

Answer 57

Geniohyoid runs perpendicular with Mylohyoid

Question 58

What innervates the Geniohyoid?

Answer 58

Geniohyoid is innervated by CN XII aka Hypoglossal nerve

Question 59

What does Geniohyoid do?

Answer 59

Geniohyoid Elevates the Hyoid

Question 60

What are the two Deep Cervical Musculatures?

Answer 60

1- Longus Colli 2- Longus Capitis

Question 61

What are the attachments for Longus Colli?

Answer 61

Longus Colli attaches to Anterior Tubercle of C1, bodies of C1-C3, Transverse processes of C3-C6 to Bodies of C5-T3, Transverse processes of C3-C5

Question 62

What innervates Longus Colli?

Answer 62

Cervical Anterior rami innervates Longus Colli

Question 63

What are the attachments for Longus Capitis?

Answer 63

Longus capitis attaches from Transverse processes of C3-C6 to Anterior aspect of Occipital bone

Question 64

What function do the Deep Cervical Musculatures, Longus Colli & Longus Capitis both do?

Answer 64

They both are chief Capital Flexors and Cervical Spine Stability

Question 65

How many Pharyngeal contrictors are there? and what are they called?

Answer 65

3 1- Superior Pharyngeal constrictor 2- Middle Phayngeal constrictor 3- Inferior Phayngeal constrictor

Question 66

Where are the three Pharyngeal constrictors located in relation to the esophagus?

Answer 66

They are located posterior to the esophagus

Question 67

Out of the three Pharyngeal constrictors which is visible when the Larynx is removed from the body?

Answer 67

The inferior is the only visible when the Larynx is removed

Question 68

What is the main function of the the three Pharyngeal constrictors?

Answer 68

They constrict the walls of the Pharynx during Deglutination

Question 69

What are the 5 Neurovascular Structures of the Neck?

Answer 69

1- Common Carotid Artery 2- Internal Jugular Vein 3- Carotid Sheath 4- CN XI aka Accessory Nerve 5- Phrenic Nerve

Question 70

Label

Answer 70

Question 71

Label

Answer 71

Question 72

Label

Answer 72

Question 73

What muscles becomes tight and short for someone with constant protrusion of the head?

Answer 73

Sternocleidomastoid

Question 74

What bilateral actions does Sternoclediomastoid cuase?

Answer 74

cervical flexion and capital extension

Question 75

At Utero what two muscles are very close and then develop and seperate to respected locations?

Answer 75

Trapezius and Sternocleidomastoid

Question 76

Why is the Phrenic nerve C3, C4, C5 in the Posterior triangle important?

Answer 76

It innervates the Diaphragm

Question 77

What perfuses the scalene muscles?

Answer 77

subclavian artery

Question 78

Why does the Scalene muscles lack production of Captial motion?

Answer 78

due to the termination at the cervical level

Question 79

In the Posterior Triangle there's another triangle called the scalene triangle. What makes up that triangle?

Answer 79

Anterior scalene Middle scalene and 1st rib

Question 80

Which scalene is deep to the Levator scapula?

Answer 80

Posterior scalene

Question 81

Is SCM and Scalene muscles synergist or antagonist?

Answer 81

Synergist

Question 82

Is the Right SCM and Left Splenius capitus synergist or antagonist?

Answer 82

synergist

Question 83

Is the Right SCM and Right Splenus capitis synergist or antagonist?

Answer 83

Antagonist

Question 84

What vertebral height is the Hyoid?

Answer 84

C3

Question 85

What clinical emergency application is there for Cricothyroid membrane?

Answer 85

the Gap between the 1st cricoid ring adn the Thyroid cartilage is the Cricothyroid membrane for trachiodomy

Question 86

Which Cricoid ring is a complete ring?

Answer 86

only the 1st

Question 87

What sort of bone is the hyoid?

Answer 87

floating and sysmoid bone with no bone articulation

Question 88

What unique features is present in the posterior portion of most cricoid rings in the trachea?

Answer 88

besides the 1st ring the rest are incomplete "C rings" allowing for the esophogus to attach there to allow expansion for swallowing of food or bolie

Question 89

What is the function of Epiglottus?

Answer 89

to close off the esophogus for food/water

Question 90

What is the abnormal passing of food or water into the esophogus due to bad epiglottus called?

Answer 90

Asperation

Question 91

If asperation continues and liquiod builds in the lung what does that result in?

Answer 91

Psnemonia

Question 92

Which Infrahyoid muscle is most superficial and medial?

Answer 92

Sternohyoid

Question 93

Sternohyoid attaches from hyoid to which portion of the Manubrium?

Answer 93

the posterior aspect

Question 94

Which Infrahyoid muscle is important for swallowing and why?

Answer 94

Sternohyoid it helps move the airway away from the food

Question 95

Which triangle is the Superior Omohyoid belly seen in?

Answer 95

Anterior triangle

Question 96

Which triangle is the Inferior Omohyoid belly seen in?

Answer 96

Posterior triangle

Question 97

What does the Sternothyroid depress?

Answer 97

the hyoid, larynx, and thyroid

Question 98

What is directly superficial to the cricothyroid membrane?

Answer 98

Cricothyroid

Question 99

The anterior aspect of the Digastric is parallel to what suprahyoid muscle?

Answer 99

Genioghyoid

Question 100

What ligament should be found on the anterior aspect of the cervical spine?

Answer 100

anterior longitudinal ligament

Question 101

Longus Colli is aka what?

Answer 101

Longus cervicis

Question 102

What hold the Esophogus to the larynx?

Answer 102

Pharyngeal constrictors

Question 103

which Pharyngeal constrictor to be visible?

Answer 103

The inferior constrictor

Question 104

Pharyngeal constrictors initiates what autonomic motion?

Answer 104

Peristolisis- rthymic movement of moving food

Question 105

coughing and gag reflex is initated also where?

Answer 105

Pharyngeal constrictors

Question 106

The common carotid artery and internal jugular vein with vagus nerve is housed where?

Answer 106

Carotid Sheath

Question 107

What is the position of the Common carotid artery, Internal Jugular vein and CN in the Carotid sheath? Medial to Lateral

Answer 107

CCA: medial CN X: intermediate IJV: lateral

Question 108

What cervical aspects does Phrenic nerve consists of and which is the most important?

Answer 108

C3, C4, C5 C4 is the most important

Question 109

Starting from the origin of Posterior Triangle name the path of the Phrenic nerve.

Answer 109

1- Origin- Posterior triangle 2- the most important C4 nerve root merges and sits on the Anterior Scalene 3- Dives into the Thorax 4- Circumnaviages the heart 5- Articulates the Diaphragm

Question 110

What lining is the Phrenic nerve near and what does it provide?

Answer 110

Close to the pericardium, providing noseoceptive to the shoulder/jaw area as pain dermatome