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Clinical Pathology > 6 - Childhood Viral Infections > Flashcards

6 - Childhood Viral Infections Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

What diseases would you report for to PHE?

A

Acute meningitis
Acute poliomyelitis
MMR
Smallpox

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2
Q

IgM is made when

A

Acute infection

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3
Q

IgG is made when

A

long term immunity

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4
Q

Which Ig from breast milk

A

IgA

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5
Q

Measles - virus

A

Paramyxovirus - enveloped single stranded RNA virus

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6
Q

Measles - transmission

A

Person to person

Droplet spread

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7
Q

Measles - infectivity

A

From start of first symptoms to after rash

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8
Q

Measles - incubation

A

7-18 days average = 10-12

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9
Q

Measles - clinical features

A

Prodrome: Fever, malaise, conjunctivits, coryza and cough (3 c’s)
Rash: erythematous, maculopapular, head-trunk
Koplik’s spots 1-2 days before rash

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10
Q

Measles - diagnosis

A

Clinical
Leukopenia
Oral fluid sample
Serology

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11
Q

Varicella noster virus: virus type

A

Herpes virus - DNA virus

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12
Q

Varicella noster virus: transmission

A

Respiratory spread / personal contact (face to face/ 15mins)

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13
Q

Varicella noster virus: incubation period

A

14-15 days

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14
Q

Varicella noster virus: infectivity

A

2 days before onset of rash until after vesicles dry up

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15
Q

Varicella noster virus: clinical features

A

Fever, malaise, anorexia
Rash - centripetal - macular > papular > vesicular > pustular

Complications: pneumonia, CNS involvement, thrombocytopenic purpura, foetal varicella syndrome, congenital varicella, zoster

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16
Q

Varicella noster virus: diagnosis

A

Clinical via PCR of vesicle fluid/CSF

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17
Q

Varicella noster virus: serology

A

Immunity

IgG in pregnant women in contact with ZVZ and no history of chickenpox

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18
Q

Varicella noster virus: treatment

A

Symptomatic adults and immunocompromised children
Aciclover oral, IV in severe disease or neonates
Chlorpheniramine can relieve itch (>1yo)

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19
Q

Varicella noster virus: prevention

A

Vaccine - live

For healthcare workers + immunocompromised

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20
Q

Varicella noster virus: when would you give VZ Ig?

A

Significant exposure
Clinical condition that increases risk of severe varicella e.g. pregnant, neonates
No Ab to VZ virus
Ig does not prevent infection, reduces severity

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21
Q

Rubella: virus

A

Togavirus

RNA virus

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22
Q

Rubella: transmission

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A

Droplet spread - air-bourne, less contagious

23
Q

Rubella: incubation period

24
Q

Rubella: infectivity

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A

One week before rash to 4 days after

25
Rubella: clinical features
Prodrome - non-specific Lymphadenopathy Rash - non-specific Complications: thrombocytopenia, post-infectious encephalitis, arthritis 50% of infectious children are asymptomatic
26
Rubella: in pregnancy
Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS)
27
What is CRS?
Congenital rubella syndrome? Cataracts + eye defects, deafness, cardiac abnormalities, microcephaly, retardation of intra-uterine growth, inflammatory lesions of brain, liver, lungs and bone marrow Severity based on weeks into pregnancy
28
Rubella: diagnosis
Oral fluid testing - IgM/G (PCR if within 7 days of rash)
29
Rubella: serology
IgM and IgG. Antibodies detectable from time of rash
30
Rubella: treatment
No treatment available | Ig given to exposed pregnant women
31
Rubella: prevention
Initially 11-14 yo. | Now part of MMR
32
Erythema infectiosum: virus
Parvovirus B19 - slapped cheek virus | DNA virus
33
Erythema infectiosum: transmission
Respiratory secretions from mother to child
34
Erythema infectiosum: incubation
4 to 14 days
35
Erythema infectiosum: symptoms
Risk of miscarriage in early pregnancy - but low Asymptomatic in 20% Foetal disease: anaemia; Hydrops (foetal transfusion)
36
Erythema infectiosum: clinical features
``` Minor resp illness Rash (slapped cheek) Arthralgia Aplastic anaemia Anaemia in the immunosuppressed ```
37
Erythema infectiosum: diagnosis
Serology IgM/IgG Amniotic fluid sampling PCR is immunocompromised
38
Erythema infectiosum: treatment
None if self-limiting illness Blood transfusion No vaccine Prevention: relies on infection control
39
Enteroviral infection e.g.
Coxsackie Entero Echoviral infections
40
Enteroviral prevalence
Worldwide, prevalent in under 5 yo
41
Enteroviral symptoms and transmission
90% asymptomatic | Transmission is faecal-oral and skin contact
42
Enteroviral diseases
Hand, foot and mouth Fever, rash syndrome Meningitis - PCR of CSF
43
Viruses associated with respiratory symptoms
``` Respiratory syncytial virus Parainfluenza Influenza Adenovirus Metapneumovirus Rhinovirus ```
44
What is respiratory syncytial virus?
Aka RSV | Pneumovirus, bronchiolitis (
45
What is metapneumovirus?
``` Paramyxovirus Nearly universal by aged 5 Respiratory illness similar to RSV Dx - PCR Rx - supportive only ```
46
What is adenovirus?
10% of childhood resp infection Clinical disease: mild URTI, conjunctivitis, diarrhoea Dx: resp panel PCR, eye swab PCR, serology possible Rx: None/cidofovir if immunocompromised
47
Parainfluenza
Paramyxovirus Transmission: person-to-person, inhalation Clinical: croup, bronchioltis, URTI Dx: multiplexed PCR Rx: None
48
Rhinovirus
Member of picornaviridae Found in 70% with mild URTI Similar clinical features
49
Rotavirus features
``` RNA virus Transmission: faecal-oral + occasionally resp Low infective dose Incubation: 1-2days Epidemiology: seasonal in UK ```
50
Rotavirus clinical features
Diarhoea and vomiting 6/12 - 2 yrs Severe disease Increased mortality in poorer countries Dx: PCR Rx: Rehydration Prevention: oral live vaccine
51
Norovirus
``` Winter vomiting bug Outbreaks Foodbourne Person-to-person High incidence of vomiting (>50%) Short course - 12-60 hrs Dx: PCR Rx: Rehydration ```
52
Mumps features
Paramyxoviridae virus Transmission - direct contact, droplet, fomites Infectivity - several days before parotid swelling to several days after Incubation - 2-4 weeks
53
Mumps clinical features
Prodrome e.g. low-grade fever, anorexia, malaise and headache 24 hrs - earache, ipsilateral parotid 2-3 days - gradually enlarging parotid with severe pain Pyrexia up to 40 degrees

Clinical Pathology (65 decks)

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