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2) Cardiopulm > 6) Principles Of PFT & ABG Testing > Flashcards

6) Principles Of PFT & ABG Testing Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Hypercarbia

A

Respiratory failure from too much CO2

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2
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Not enough O2 in the blood

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3
Q

Hypoxia

A

Not enough O2 at the tissue level

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4
Q

What can lead to hypoxia?

A

Hypoxemia

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5
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Sense O2 content of blood

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6
Q

Partial Pressure

A

O2 dissolved in blood plasma

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7
Q

Respiratory Acidosis

A

Can’t get blow off CO2 so blood becomes acidic

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8
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis

A

Blow off too much CO2 so blood becomes basic

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9
Q

What is the physiologic mechanism of breathing?

A

1) Chemoreceptors in the carotid & aorta respond to changes in blood chem
2) Signals are sent to the medulla as PaO2 & PaCO2 change
3) Medulla sends signals to respiratory muscles to contract
4) Diaphragm contracts & thorax expands
5) Transpulmonary pressure changes
6) Air moves from AW into alveoli

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10
Q

Normal Vital Capacity

A

4.8L

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11
Q

Normal Inspiratory Capacity

A

~3.5L

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12
Q

Normal Functional Residual Capacity

A

~2.4L

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13
Q

Flow

A

Primary measure of AW volume/obstruction over time

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14
Q

PFT Flow Measures

A

Peak expiratory flow rate; % of FVC exhaled in 1 sec

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15
Q

What % of FEV1 & FEF should PFT be?

A
  • FEV1=75-80%

* FEF=25-75%

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16
Q

Peak Flow Measurement

A

Measures max air flow during forced expiration

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17
Q

Who are peak flow measurements done on & why?

A

Pt’s w/asthma to monitor AW tone to detect the onset of an attack so drugs can be properly adjusted

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18
Q

Body Plethysmography

A

Approximates body’s blood gases if pt can’t exhale

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19
Q

Pattern for obstructive disorders

A

Decr flow & incr volume

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20
Q

Pattern for restrictive disorders

A

Incr flow & decr vol

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21
Q

Diffusion Capacity

A

Amount of air that diffuses through the lungs in 1 breath

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22
Q

What is the range for diffusion capacity?

A

25-30mL CO/min/mmHg

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23
Q

When will diffusion capacity be low?

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A

W/alveolar capillary membrane destruction

24
Q

When will diffusion capacity be high?

25
Indications for PFT
* Measure lung vol, capacities, & flow for baseline & normal values * Quantify level of lung dysfunction * Measure pt tx response * Pre-op screening * Disability eval
26
O2 will diffuse from alveoli into blood when the PaO2 is in what range?
80-100torr
27
CO2 in blood will diffuse into alveoli when the PaCO2 is in what range?
35-45torr
28
Examples ventilatory & oxygenation abns:
* Ventilatory=Obstructive & Restrictive | * Oxygenative=Duffusion Deficit & Shunt (Atelectasis, ARDS)
29
Tidal Volume
Air taken in 1 normal breath
30
Normal Tidal Volume
~500mL
31
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
Max amount of air that can be taken in after a normal inhale
32
Normal inspiratory reserve volume
3L
33
Expiratory Reserve Volume
Amount of air that can let out after a normal exhale
34
Normal expiratory reserve volume
1.2L
35
Residual Volume
Air left in lungs after a max exhale (1.2L)
36
What is a capacity test?
Looks at 2+ volumes
37
Define total lung capacity
Amount of air in lungs after a max inhale
38
Examples of restrictive diseases
Kyphoscoliosis Idiopathic PF Sarcoidosis Morbid Obesity
39
ABG's are done to determine:
* Adequacy of ventilations * Adequacy of oxygenation * Metabolic status
40
Where are ABG's usually drawn from & why?
Brachial or radial arteries bc they're easy to palpate & aren't near any major vessels
41
What is an Allen's Test?
Pinch off ulnar & radial arteries & release ulnar to check pt's collateral circulation *<15sec is good
42
Normal pH range
7.35-7.45
43
Normal PCO2 range
35-45torr
44
Normal PO2 range
80-100torr
45
Normal HCO3 range
22-26meq
46
Normal base excess range
-2 to +2
47
Normal SpO2 range
95-100%
48
Values for mild hypoxemia
PO2 of 67-75torr on room air
49
Values for moderate hypoxemia
PO2 of 50-65torr
50
Values for severe hypoxemia
PO2 <50torr
51
Values for hyperoxia
PO2 >100-120torr
52
What values put a pt in respiratory alkalosis?
PCO2 <35torr
53
What values put a pt in metabolic acidosis?
HCO3 <22meq
54
What values put a pt in respiratory acidosis?
PCO2 >45torr
55
What values put a pt in metabolic alkalosis?
HCO3 >26meq

2) Cardiopulm (16 decks)

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