6. ZIKA

Question 1

• Positive-sense
• single-stranded
• RNA

Answer 1

ZIKA virus

Question 2

ZIKA

Family: ______
Genus: ______

Answer 2

Family: Flaviviridae
Genus: Flavivirus

Question 3

Where is it first isolated (1947)?

Answer 3

Ziika forest of Uganda

Question 4

A neurological disorder which WHO declared as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)

Answer 4

microcephaly

Question 5

What animal is it first isolated?

Answer 5

Rhesus macaque monkeys

Question 6

First large scale outbreaks occurred in the island _____.

Answer 6

island of Yap

(Federated States of Micronesia)

Question 7

Year when ZIKA first emerged in America?

Answer 7

2015

Question 8

Is there ZIKA virus in the Philippines?

Answer 8

NONE currently

Question 9

Zika virus infections were reported in the Philippines in
- 1953
- 2012
- 2016 to 2017

How many cases so far?

Answer 9

57

(as of Feb 2, 2017)

Question 10

ZIKV, (like DENVs and CHIKV) has probably adapted from an ancestral forest cycle involving

____ - as reservoir host
____ - as vectors to a new urban/periurban cycle (humans)
____ - mosquito vectors (2)

Answer 10

NHP
- as reservoir host

**canopy-dwelling mosquito **
- as vectors to a new urban/periurban cycle

(1) Ae. aegypti
(2) Ae. albopictus
- mosquito vectors

Question 11

ZIKA

Extrinsic Incubation period: ______ days

Answer 11

5-10 days

Question 12

Zika virus has been detected in: (7)

Answer 12

1. blood
2. urine
3. amniotic fluids
4. semen
5. saliva

body fluids found in
6. brain
7. spinal cord.

Question 13

ZIKA cannot be transmitted thru sex.

True or False?

Answer 13

FALSE

Zika CAN be transmitted thru sex.

Question 14

Main transmission of ZIKA?

Answer 14

Bite of Aedes mosquito

Question 15

(3) Common symptoms of ZIKA?

Answer 15

1. fever
2. conjunctivitis
3. skin rash

Question 16

Is there a vertical transmission in ZIKA?

Answer 16

YES

Question 17

Incubation period of ZIKA?

Answer 17

3-14 days

Question 18

Can ZIKA be self-limited?

Answer 18

YES

(for 2-7 days)

Question 19

Neurological type of complication from ZIKA virus?

Answer 19

Guillain Barre’ syndrome (sudden weakening of muscles)

Question 20

Neonatal malformation of ZIKA where a baby’s head is smaller than those of other babies of the same age and sex.

Answer 20

microcephaly

Question 21

(2) test performed concurrently to make the diagnosis of ZIKA?

Answer 21

1. NAT - a genetic test
2. IgM antibody test

Question 22

more specific to detect the virus but less sensitive

Answer 22

NAT (or nucleic acid amplification testing)

Question 23

far more sensitive but less specific test

Answer 23

IgM antibody test

Question 24

measures the level of neutralizing antibodies in the blood

for confirming ZIKA tests that are either
- inconclusive
- ambiguous
- presumptive

Answer 24

Plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT)

Question 25

Integrated vector controls for ZIKA (4) [ EMBC ]

Answer 25

1) Environmental control measures 2) Mechanical control measures 3) Biological c. methods 4) Chemical control

Question 26

Integrated Vector Controls: - destroying, turning over, or removing items that can accumulate water (source reduction) - preventing mosquitoes from entering the water holding container so they cannot lay their eggs in it: a) by fitting a tight cover over the opening of the water jars or by other means; b) emptying and refilling a water storage container every 7 days so the mosquito larvae and pupae are thrown out when the container is emptied

Answer 26

ENVIRONMENTAL control measures

Question 27

* destroying, turning over, or removing items that can accumulate water (source * preventing mosquitoes from entering the water holding container so they cannot lay their eggs in it: * by fitting a tight cover over the opening of the water jars or by other means; * emptying and refilling a water storage container every 7 days so the mosquito larvae and pupae are thrown out when the container is emptied.

Question 28

Integrated Vector Controls: prevent water accumulation by modifying the design of homes, such as eliminating rain gutters where water can stagnate

Answer 28

MECHANICAL control measures

Question 29

Integrated Vector Controls: * such as the use of guppy fish or Mesocyclops , a copepod, to eat the mosquito larvae * or Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) bacteria, which release a toxin that kills the larvae after being ingested

Answer 29

BIOLOGICAL control methods

Question 30

Integrated Vector Controls: * through the use of insecticides, some of which kill mosquito larvae (temephos is a widely used larvicide) and others that kill adult mosquitoes are also effective when used properly and under the appropriate conditions.

Answer 30

CHEMICAL control

Question 31

How to prevent?

Answer 31

Use 0.5% permethrin to treat clothing and gear

Question 32

Insect repellants for ZIKA (7)

Answer 32

1. DEET 2. Picaridin (known as KBR 3023 and icaridin outside the US) 3. IR3535 4. Oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE) 5. Para menthane diol (PMD) 6. 2 undecanone 7. Citronella

Question 33

Is there a vaccine for ZIKA virus?

Answer 33

NONE