9. NIPAH

Question 1

Negative-strand
RNA

Answer 1

Henipavirus

Question 2

from
family?
genus?

Answer 2

f. Paramyxoviridae
genus Henipavirus

Question 3

Species? (2)

Answer 3

1. Hendra henipavirus
2. Nipah henipavirus

Question 4

In what BSL facility is a Nipah virus?

Answer 4

BSL 4

Question 5

It first appeared in (2) countries

Answer 5

1. Malaysia
2. Singapore

Question 6

Give the country:

• pigs to humans & bats because of trees

Answer 6

Malaysia

Question 7

Give the country:

• date palm sap where the bats drank from

Answer 7

Bangladesh

Question 8

Give the country:

• human ate dead horse

Answer 8

Philippines

Question 9

Nipah reservoir host

Answer 9

Pteropus bat

Question 10

Naturally, dissemination of NiV occurs in the host via

Answer 10

blood

Question 11

The NiV uses
a) _______
b) to attach to ____

or to a lesser extent, ephron-B3 receptors.

Answer 11

a) glycoprotein G
b) ephrin B2

Question 12

where Ephrin-B2 receptors are expressed (3)

followed by (3)

Answer 12

1. endothelium
2. smooth muscle
3. brain

followed by:
4. lungs
5. placenta
6. prostate

Question 13

As a result of the high expression of NiV receptors in ______, NiV has the highest neurologic disease potential which is often lethal

Answer 13

central nervous system

Question 14

NiV are carried by ___ ___ (also known as megabats)

It belongs to the family Pteropodidae family (Pteropus genus).

Answer 14

fruit bats

Question 15

What kind of fruit bats?

Answer 15

flying fox

Question 16

Infected bats shed NiV virus in their (4), but are symptomless carriers.

[ suse ]

Answer 16

1. saliva
2. urine
3. semen
4. excreta

Question 17

Humans can be infected through direct exposure to Pteropus (2)

Answer 17

1. saliva
2. excrement

Question 18

______ was identified as the predominant mode of transmission in the 1998-1999 Malaysia Singapore outbreaks, where 90 of the infected people were PIG FARMERS.

Answer 18

Direct contact with NiV infected pigs

Question 19

Do DOGS & CATS play a significant role in the zoonotic transmission of Nipah?

Answer 19

NO

Question 20

Nipah Virus infection has
also been found among
______

Answer 20

hospital workers

Question 21

Is there a nosocomial transmission in Nipah?

Answer 21

YES

in Siliguri, India

Question 22

The NiV can survive up to
___ days in some fruit juices or mangoes and at least 7 days in date sap kept at 22 C

Answer 22

3

Question 23

The virus resists for
approximately __ __ hours in the urine of reservoir bats

Answer 23

18 hours

Question 24

Can Nipah be inactivated by heat?

Answer 24

YES

100C for longer than 15 mins

Question 25

Countries where Nipah occured?

Answer 25

1. Malaysia 2. Singapore 3. India 4. Bangladesh 5. Philippines

Question 26

Incubation period of NiV?

Answer 26

4 - 14 days

Question 27

Is there asymptomatic infections?

Answer 27

YES - Asymptomatic infection - to acute respiratory infection - to mild, severe, and fatal encephalitis

Question 28

NiV primarily affects the ___ via: - endothelial - vascular - parenchymal cell

Answer 28

CNS

Question 29

NiV has high rates of viral replication in ____ cells.

Answer 29

neuronal cells

Question 30

Where does Nipah affect pigs?

Answer 30

1. respiratory system 2. nervous system

Question 31

Known as Known as porcine respiratory and neurologic syndrome (2)

Answer 31

1) PRES - Porcine Respiratory & Encephalitic Syndrome 2) BPS - Barking Pig Syndrome

Question 32

Morbidity of Nipah is high in what age group?

Answer 32

ALL age group

Question 33

Mortality in suckling pigs (less than 4 weeks of age)

Answer 33

40% - dyspnea - muscle tremors

Question 34

respiratory signs on pigs with Nipah

Answer 34

encephalitis (sows & boars)

Question 35

Is there asymptomatic symptoms?

Answer 35

Yes, for some

Question 36

Is there natural infection of Nipah in DOGS?

Answer 36

Yes, distemper-like syndrome (with high mortality death rate)

Question 37

Can cats be infected with Nipah?

Answer 37

Yes, symptomatic

Question 38

Nipah virus infection can be diagnosed with clinical history during the 1) acute and 2) _______ phase of the disease.

Answer 38

convalescent

Question 39

Diagnosis of Nipah

Answer 39

RT-PCR from bodily fluids and antibody detection via enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

Question 40

Specimens used during acute phase of infection used for PCR testing of Nipah

Answer 40

1. CSF 2. blood 3. nasal/throat 4. urine

Question 41

(3) reasons for emergence of Nipah

Answer 41

1. reduction of forest area 2. in search of food, bats move near human settlements 3. hunger-induced stress & low immunity

Question 42

What common disinfectant can inactivate NiV?

Answer 42

sodium hypochlorite

Question 43

How to prevent and control Nipah?

Answer 43

1. Mass culling 2. Antibody surveillance of high risk farms 3. Ban on transporting pigs 4. Improvement of biosecurity practice 5. PPE 6. Improve hygiene at pig operations etcccc

Question 44

One of the most important biosecurity measures of Nipah for affected areas is to _________.

Answer 44

decrease bat reservoir contact with pig facilities

Question 45

NiV has been identified as a ___ ___ ____ by WHO:

Answer 45

high priority pathogen

Question 46

Is NiV capable of human-human transmission?

Answer 46

YES

Question 47

Moratlity rate in humans?

Answer 47

HIGH

Question 48

Where NiV spillover frequently occur?

Answer 48

highly populated regions

Question 49

Is there vaccine for Nipah?

Answer 49

NONE