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Immunology - DVM year 1 > Exam 1: Dr. Kaplan Bridging Innate and Adaptive Immunity > Flashcards

Exam 1: Dr. Kaplan Bridging Innate and Adaptive Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What does the adaptive response depend in for initiation?

A

Innate cells

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2
Q

What are the professional APCs?

A

Dendritic cell
Macrophage
B cell

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3
Q

What are the “inbetweeners”?

A

Cells that possess innate and lymphoid characteristics

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4
Q

List the inbetweeners?

A

γδ T cells
B-1 cells]
NKT cells
Innate lymphoid cells

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5
Q

What MHC is presented on all nucleated cells?

A

MHC class I

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6
Q

What MHC is presented on professional APCs?

A

MHC class I and II

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7
Q

What T cell does MHC class I recognize?

A

CD8

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8
Q

What T cell does MHC class II recognize?

A

CD4

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9
Q

What are innate-like lymphocytes?

A

Innate-like cells that impact adaptive immunity

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10
Q

What is different about innate-like lymphocytes when compared to lymphocytes?

A

Limited receptor rearrangement
No clonal expansion when stimulated
React promptly to infection

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11
Q

What are γδ T cells?

A

Innate-like T cell that expresses γδ TCR instead of the traditional αβ TCR

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12
Q

Where do γδ T cells reside?

A

Within epithelia, especially skin. Also in lymphoid tissue, genital tract

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13
Q

What are possible ligands for γδ T cells?

A

Proteins that get upregulated in response to infection or unusual nucleotides or phospholipids

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14
Q

What is different about what is recognized by γδ T cells when compared to αβ T cells?

A

The don’t usually recognize the antigen as an epitope presented by MHC, but rather recognize the antigens directly

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15
Q

What does γδ T cells recognizing antigen directly allow for?

A

Rapid response to a wide variety of molecules

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16
Q

What do γδ T cells secrete?

A

IFN-γ, TNF-α, antibacterial peptides, and granulysin

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17
Q

What do γδ T cells acquire during maturation?

A

The characteristics of professional APCs

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18
Q

What do γδ T cells express?

A

Different but limited receptor repertoires in different tissues

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19
Q

What does tissue repair function through in γδ T cells?

A

The secretion of fibroblast growth factor

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20
Q

What do B-1 B cells express?

A

CD5

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21
Q

Where do B-1 B cells reside?

A

Mainly in peritoneal and pleural cavities

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22
Q

What are the antibodies secreted by B-1 B cells like?

A

Low affinity, polyspecific, and made against bacterial polysaccharides and other carbohydrates

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23
Q

What do B-1 B cells produce antibodies in response to?

A

Polysaccharides

24
Q

What type of antibodies are of B-1 origin?

A

Natural antibodies (antibodies reactive against A and B blood antigens in the absence of active immunization

25
Q

When do B-1 B cells arise?

A

Early in embryonic development, their development precedes that of the majority subset

26
Q

What percentage of B cells do B-1 cells comprise?

A

5%

27
Q

What 2 antibodies are expressed on the surface of B cells?

A

IgM and IgD

28
Q

What antibody is expressed more of the surface of B-1 B cells?

A

IgM

29
Q

Why are γδ T cells and B1 cells innate like?

A

They can respond to primary infection without first undergoing a lengthy period of clonal expansion and differentiation

30
Q

What are innate lymphocytes?

A

Cells that have lymphoid progenitor and morphology but respond rapidly and robustly in a non-specific manner

31
Q

What makes innate lymphocytes distinct from lymphocytes?

A

They have limited receptor rearrangement

32
Q

What are roles of innate lymphocytes?

A

Tissue defense, repair, immune homeostasis, and contributing or initiating adaptive immune responses

33
Q

What are group 1 iLCs?

A

Cells that produce IFN-γ TNF-α
Include NK cells
Anti-viral, anti-tumor

34
Q

What are group 2 iLCs?

A

Cells that produce IL-4, 5, 9, and 19 (Th2 like)
Anti-helminthic
Pro-allergy

35
Q

What are group 3 iLCs?

A

Cells that produce IL-17 and IL-22 (Th17 like)
Lymphoid organogenesis
Anti-bacterial

36
Q

What is cytokine production like?

A

Rapid and sustained “first responders”

37
Q

What could cytokine production stimulate?

A

T cell differentiation and/or immune homeostasis

38
Q

What do NK cells produce?

A

IFN-γ to induce Th1 responses

39
Q

What do ILC2 cells produce?

A

IL-4 to induce Th2 responses

40
Q

What do ILC2 cells produce?

A

IL-13 to induce DC homing to lymph nodes, which can also induce Th2 responses

41
Q

What can NK cells kill?

A

Immature DC

42
Q

What iLC groups express MHC class II?

A

2 and 3 to allow for interactions with CD4 cells

43
Q

What do iLCs come from?

A

Lymphoid progenitor

44
Q

What are receptors like for iLCs?

A

Limited receptor rearrangement

45
Q

Where do lymphocytes do?

A

Lymphoid progenitor

46
Q

What are receptors like for lymphocytes?

A

Receptor gene rearrangements allow for specific pathogen recognition

47
Q

What are NKT cells?

A

Innate lymphocytes that express αβ TCRs, albeit with limited diversity

48
Q

What do some NKT cells recognize?

A

Microbial lipids presented by CD1 proteins

49
Q

WHat do NKT cells secrete?

A

Large amounts of IFN-γ and IL-4

50
Q

How can NKT cells respond to infection?

A

Rapidly

51
Q

Do NKT cells generate a memory response?

A

No

52
Q

What is CD1?

A

MHC-like gene but utside of the MHC region in the genome

53
Q

What does the CD1 protein share features with?

A

Both MHC I and MHC II

54
Q

What is the structure of CD1 like?

A

Similar to MHC 1 and uses β2-microglobulin

55
Q

How does CD1 behave?

A

Like MHC II for ligand binding

56
Q

What do CD1 molecules have?

A

Hydrophobic channels that bind hydrocarbon alkyl chains

Immunology - DVM year 1 (35 decks)

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