Exam 3: Dr. Pinchuk Fetal and Neonatal Immunology

Question 1

When is the immune system fully formed?

Answer 1

At birth. All acquired immune response in the newborn are primary responses

Question 2

What do newborn mammals obtain immunoglobulins from?

Answer 2

Their mother either by direct transfer across the placenta or by ingestion Ig-reach colostrum immediately after birth

Question 3

What may the failure of the passive transfer result in?

Answer 3

The newborn suffering from overwhelming infections

Question 4

What does milk provide?

Answer 4

A constant supply of Ig (mostly IgA), which helps protect the newborn against intestinal infections

Question 5

What do mothers provide?

Answer 5

Protective antibodies to their young both before and after birth

Question 6

What does IgG come through?

Answer 6

Placenta

Question 7

How is IgA transported to the newborn?

Answer 7

By poly-Ig-receptor

Question 8

What does the receptor FcRn do?

Answer 8

Transports IgG from the blood stream into the extracellular spaces

Question 9

What happens to the level of IgG during the first year of life?

Answer 9

Transient decrease

Question 10

What is the most critical period in life? Why?

Answer 10

6 months, there is no maternal IgG

Question 11

What is pregnancy the one natural situation for?

Answer 11

The production of anti-MHC antibodies

Question 12

What do paternal HLA isoforms that differ from the mother’s HLA type have the potential to do?

Answer 12

Stimulate an alloreactive immune response

Question 13

What is immune complex-mediated inhibition of naive B cells used to do?

Answer 13

Prevent hemolytic anemia of the newborn

Question 14

What does a primary immune response produce?

Answer 14

Naive and memory B cells

Question 15

What does a secondary immune response?

Answer 15

Inhibit naive B cells and activate memory B cells

Question 16

When should you be very careful about vaccinations?

Answer 16

Passive immunity

Question 17

When does the thymus develop?

Answer 17

41 days

Question 18

What are the different type of placenta?

Answer 18

Hemochorial (humans, primates)
Endotheliochorial (dogs, cats)
Syndesmochorial (ruminant)
Epitheliochorial (horses, pigs)

Question 19

How does the passive transfer of immunity occur with hemochorial and endotheliochorial placentas?

Answer 19

IgG levels in infant are comparable to those of its mother

5-10% of IgG may be transferred

Question 20

How does the passive transfer of immunity occur with syndesmochorial and epitheliochorial placentas?

Answer 20

Passage of IgG is totally prevented

Newborns are entirely dependent on antibodies received through the colostrum

Question 21

What happens if there are more layers of a placenta?

Answer 21

There is more restricted the movement of blood between mother and fetus

Question 22

What antibody class is a majority of ruminant milk?

Answer 22

IgG
2nd is IgA
3rd is IgM

Question 23

What antibody class is a majority of nonruminant milk?

Answer 23

IgA
2nd is IgG
3rd is IgM

Question 24

What do maternal antibodies inhibit?

Answer 24

Vaccination

Question 25

What may maternal antibodies do?

Answer 25

Bind to injected antigens or pathogens and accelerate their clearance or they may bind the critical epitopes and prevent activation of B cells and antibody production

Question 26

What do maternal antibodies form? What do they do?

Answer 26

Complexes

Inhibit activation of B cells

Question 27

Look at birth of a PI calf

Answer 27

Look at birth of a PI calf

Question 28

How can hemolytic anemia of the newborn be prevented?

Answer 28

If in the first and subsequent pregnancies the mother is passively infused with purified human anti-Rh antibodies before she has made her own response