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Immunology - DVM year 1 > Exam 3: Dr. Pinchuk Immunological Memory > Flashcards

Exam 3: Dr. Pinchuk Immunological Memory Flashcards

1
Q

Describe innate immunity

A 
Rapid
Can fully control infections
Initiate adaptive responses
Occur so rapidly that clinical signs of infection may not appear before the pathogen is gone
Deficiencies in the mechanisms are rarer
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2
Q

Describe adaptive immunity

A

Specificity
Memory
Affinity maturation
Make possible vaccination

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3
Q

What does affinity maturation occur with?

A

B cells

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4
Q

Look at acute infection diagram

A

Look at acute infection diagram

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5
Q

Which needs T cells, intracellular or extracellular pathogens?

A

Intracellular pathogens

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6
Q

What are the possible sites of infection with extracellular pathogens?

A

Interstitial spaces, blood, lymph

Epithelial surfaces

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7
Q

What is the protective immunity for extracellular pathogens in interstitial space, blood, and lymph?

A

Antibodies
Complement
Phagocytosis
Neutralization

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8
Q

What is the protective immunity for extracellular pathogens in epithelial surfaces?

A

Antibodies (especially IgA)

Antimicrobial peptides

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9
Q

What are the possible sites of infection for intracellular pathogens?

A

Cytoplasmic

Vesicular

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10
Q

What is the protective immunity for intracellular pathogens in cytoplasm?

A

Cytotoxic T cells

NK cells

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11
Q

What is the protective immunity for intracellular pathogens in vesicular sites?

A

T cell and NK cell dependent macrophage activation

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12
Q

What are direct methods of tissue damage by pathogens?

A

Exotoxin production
Endotoxin production
Direct cytopathic effect
Multicellular organisms

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13
Q

Why are T cells needed for intracellular pathogens?

A

The use peptide and MHC

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14
Q

What is a successful primary immune response?

A

Clears the infection
Temporarily strengthens defenses to prevent re-infection
Establishes a state of long-term immunological memory to ensure that subsequent infection with the same pathogen will provoke a faster, stronger, secondary immune response

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15
Q

What happens after successful termination of infection by the primary immune response?

A

Elevated levels of high-affinity pathogen-specific antibody will be present in the blood and lymph or at mucosal surfaces

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16
Q

When are effector and memory B and T cells produced?

A

During a primary immune response

17
Q

What happens when a naive T cell encounters antigen?

A

Most activated T cells become effector cells
or
Some activated and/or effector cells become long lived memory cells

18
Q

What are the cell to cell interaction like in a secondary immune response?

A

Effector memory T cells can be activated directly at the site of infection by DC and macrophages
The activation requirements are less demanding since they do not require co-stimulation

19
Q

Which has a higher frequency of specific B cells, unimmunized donor primary response or immunized donor secondary response?

A

Immunized donor secondary response

20
Q

What is the isotype produce in an unimmunized donor primary response?

A

More IgM than IgG

21
Q

What is the isotype produce in an immunized donor secondary response?

A

IgG and IgA

22
Q

What is the affinity of antibody in an unimmunized donor primary response?

A

Low

23
Q

What is the affinity of antibody in an immunized donor secondary response?

A

High

24
Q

What is the somatic hypermutation of an unimmunized donor primary response?

A

Low

25
Q

What is the somatic hypermutation of an immunized donor secondary response?

A

High

26
Q

When does the amount of antibody increase?

A

After successive immunization with the same antigen

27
Q

What does the comparison between those vaccinated for small pox and those that are not reveal?

A

Persistence of immunological memory in the absence of antigen

28
Q

What does IgG antibody suppress?

A

The activation of naive B cells by cross-linking the BCR and FcgR on B cells

29
Q

What can highly mutable viruses do?

A

Gradually escape from immunological memory without stimulating a compensatory immune response

30
Q

What is original antigenic sin?

A

A phenomenon when the first influenza strain to infect the animals constrains the immune response to other strains

31
Q

What do T cells differentiate into?

A

Central memory and effector memory subsets distinguished by differential expression of the chemokine receptor CCR7

32
Q

What are survival signals for memory B cells and T cells provided by?

A

Cytokines IL-7 and IL-15

Immunology - DVM year 1 (35 decks)

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