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Abi Biology 2017 > Appendicular Skeleton > Flashcards

Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?

A

Pectoral girdle
Upper limbs
Pelvic girdle
Lower limbs

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2
Q

What are the girdles?

A

“Belts” around the upper and lower parts of the axial skeleton

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3
Q

What do the girdles do?

A

Join the upper and lower limbs to the axial skeleton

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4
Q

What does the pectoral girdle consist of?

A

Two scapulae

Two clavicles

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5
Q

What is another name for the scapula?

A

Shoulder blade

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6
Q

What is another name for the clavicle?

A

Collarbone

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7
Q

What is the scapula?

A

A large, flat, triangular bone with a prominent ridge on the back for the attachment of muscles

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8
Q

Where is the scapula situated?

A

Not attached to the axial skeleton

It slides over the back of the ribs

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9
Q

What is the glenoid cavity?

A

A shallow socket in the scapula

The head of the humerus fits into this cavity

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10
Q

What is a socket?

A

An articular facet

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11
Q

What is the clavicle?

A

An s-shaped bone

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12
Q

Where can the clavicle be found?

A

It articulates with the scapula on the one side

It articulates with the sternum on the other side

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13
Q

What do the upper limbs consist of?

A

Six different types of bone

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14
Q

What are the six types of bones that make up the upper limbs?

A 
Humerus
Ulna
Radius
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
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15
Q

What is the humerus and where can it be found?

A

A long bone

It stretches from the scapula to the elbow

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16
Q

What kind of joint exists where the humerus joins the scapula?

A

Ball-and-socket joint

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17
Q

What kind of joint exists at the elbow?

A

A hinge joint

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18
Q

What is the ulna?

A

The largest bone of the two in the forearm

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19
Q

Where is the ulna situated?

A

On the little finger side of the hand

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20
Q

How does the ulna articulate with the humerus?

A

It has a c-shaped articular facet which, together with the humerus, forms the elbow joint

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21
Q

What is the radius?

A

The thinner one of the two bones in the forearm

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22
Q

Where is the radius situated?

A

On the thumb side

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23
Q

What is the structure of the radius like?

A

It is wider on the lower end than on the upper end

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24
Q

What does the radius articulate with?

A

The carpals

To form the wrist joint

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25
Q

What are the carpals?

A

Small short bones

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26
Q

How many carpals are in each wrist?

A

Eight

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27
Q

How are the carpals arranged?

A

In two rows of four

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28
Q

What kind of joint exists at the carpals?

A

A gliding/sliding joint

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29
Q

What do metacarpals form?

A

The palm of the hand

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30
Q

How many metacarpals are in each hand?

A

Five

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31
Q

What do the phalanges in the hand form?

A

The fingers

32
Q

How many phalanges are in each hand?

A

Fourteen

33
Q

How many phalanges are in each finger?

A

Three in each, HOWEVER

The thumb has two

34
Q

What does the pelvic girdle consist of?

A

Two hip bones that are joined in the middle by a semi-movable joint

35
Q

What is the semi-movable joint that connects the two hip bones?

A

The pubic symphysis

36
Q

What are the hip bones made out of?

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

37
Q

What is another name for the pubis?

A

The pubic bone

38
Q

Where is the ilium situated?

A

At the top of the pelvic girdle

39
Q

What does the ilium look like?

A

They are the rounded, flat sections of the pelvic girdle

They resemble an elephant’s ears

40
Q

Where is the ischium situated?

A

At the bottom of the pelvic girdle

41
Q

What does the ischium look like?

A

They resemble two loops

42
Q

Where is the pubis situated?

A

They are the bones which lead from the ischium to the pubic symphysis

43
Q

Where does the head of the femur fit into the pelvic girdle?

A

At the acetabulum

44
Q

What is the acetabulum?

A

A deep socket which occurs where the three bones of the hip are fused

45
Q

What kind of joint exists in the acetabulum?

A

A ball-and-socket joint

46
Q

What do the hip bones connect to at the back of the pelvic girdle?

A

The sacrum

47
Q

Is the pelvic girdle of a female different to that of a male?

A

Yes

48
Q

How do the pelvic girdles of the male and female differ?

A

The pelvic girdle of a female is wider

49
Q

Why is the pelvic girdle of a female wider than that of a male?

A

The female body is adapted to giving birth

50
Q

What do the lower limbs consist of?

A

Seven different types of bones

51
Q

What are the seven different types of bones found in the lower limbs?

A 
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
52
Q

What is the femur?

A

The largest and longest bone in the human body

53
Q

Where is the femur situated?

A

It stretches between the hip socket and the knee joint

54
Q

What is on the lower end of the femur?

A

Two articular condyles which articulate with the tibia

55
Q

What kind of joint exists at the knee?

A

Hinge joint

56
Q

What is the patella?

A

A flat, triangular bone

57
Q

Where does the patella occur?

A

In front of the femur

58
Q

What does the patella do?

A

Forms part of the knee joint

59
Q

What is the tibia?

A

The largest of the two bones in the lower leg

60
Q

What does the upper end of the tibia have?

A

Two articular condyles which articulate with the femur in the knee joint

61
Q

What does the lower end of the tibia articulate with?

A

One of the tarsals to form part of the ankle joint

62
Q

What is the fibula?

A

The thinner of the two bones in the lower leg

63
Q

Where is the fibula situated?

A

Slightly behind the tibia

On the outside of the tibia

64
Q

What does the fibula look like?

A

It is wider on the bottom than on the top

65
Q

What does the fibula articulate with?

A

The tarsals to form the ankle joint

66
Q

What are the tarsals?

A

The bones that form the ankle and heel

67
Q

How many tarsals are there in each foot?

A

Seven

68
Q

Which tarsal forms the heel bone?

A

The calcaneum

69
Q

Which tarsal is the largest?

A

Calcaneum

70
Q

What muscle is attached to the calcaneum?

A

The calf muscle

71
Q

What do the metatarsals form?

A

The arch of the foot

72
Q

How many metatarsals are in each foot?

A

Five

73
Q

What do the phalanges in the foot form?

A

The toes

74
Q

How many phalanges are in each foot?

A

Fourteen

75
Q

How many phalanges are in each toe?

A

Three HOWEVER

the big toe has two

Abi Biology 2017 (57 decks)

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