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Musculoskeletal > 1.5.1 Joints of the Upper Extremity > Flashcards

1.5.1 Joints of the Upper Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of joints by formation?

A

Fibrous joint

Cartilaginous joint

Synovial joint

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2
Q

What are the three joints of the pectoral girdle?

A

Sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, and glenohumeral

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3
Q

Describe the location of the Sternoclavicular joint.

A

The sternal end of the clavicle with the manubrium of the sternum and the 1st costal cartilage

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4
Q

The SC joint in divided into two compartments by an _______ which is fixed to the fibrous articular capsule and the ______.

A

Articular disc; interclavicular ligament

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5
Q

What are the ligaments of the SC joint?

A

Interclavicular ligament and costoclavicular ligament

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6
Q

What is more common, an SC joint dislocation or clavicle fracture?

A

Clavicular fracture

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7
Q

What is the blood supply to the SC joint?

A

Internal thoracic and suprascapular arteries

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8
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the SC joint?

A

Medial supraclavicular (C3 and C4)

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9
Q

Describe dislocation and ankylosis?

A
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10
Q

What are the ligaments of the AC joint?

A

AC ligament

Coracoclavicular ligament - Conoid ligament and trapezoid ligament

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11
Q

What is the purpose of the coracoclavicular ligament?

A

The coracoclavicular ligament not only strengthens AC joint, but also suspends scapula from clavicle and strengthen the coracoid process from downward force of muscle attachments.

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12
Q

Describe the movement of the scapula

A
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13
Q

What is the blood supply to the AC joint?

A

Suprascapular and thoracoacromial arteries

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14
Q

What is the Nerve supply to the AC joint?

A
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15
Q

What is a should separation vs a shoulder dislocation?

A

Shoulder separation - AC joint dislocation plus coracoclavicular ligament is broken

Shoulder dislocation - humeral head dislocated from the glenoid cavity

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16
Q

Describe an AC Joint Dislocation (shoulder separation)

A
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17
Q

KEY INFORMATION: Describe the AC Joint Isolation. Mainly Tossy Classification.

A
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18
Q

What are the basic characterisitics of the glenohumeral joint?

A
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19
Q

The glenoid cavity is deepened by the ______ which is ______.

A

Glenoid labrum; ring like fibrocartilaginous structure

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20
Q

What are the muscles that keep the humeral head in the glenoid cavity?

A

SItS

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

teres minor

Subscapularis

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21
Q

In regards to the glenohumeral joint, how do the medial, lateral and superior aspects of the joints compare to the inferior?

A
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22
Q

The articular capsule of the glenohumeral joint have two openings, what are they and what are they used for?

A
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23
Q

What is the role of the transverse humeral ligament?

A

Runs from the greater tubercle to the lesser tubercle of the humerus bridging over the synovial sheath for the tendon of the bicep.

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24
Q

What are the major shoulder flexors?

A

Pectoralis major, deltoid, coracobrachialis and bicep

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25
Q

What are the major shoulder extensors?

A

Latissimus dorsi and deltoid

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26
Q

What are the major shoulder abductors?

A

Supraspinatus for 1st 15 degrees

Then it is the deltoid muscle

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27
Q

What are the major shoulder adductors?

A

Pectoralis major, lat dorsi, and rotator cuff muscles

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28
Q

What are the major shoulder medial rotators?

A

Subscapularis, teres major and lat dorsi

29
Q

What are the major shoulder later rotators?

A

Infraspinatus and teres minor

30
Q

What are the muscles that hold the head of the humerus to glenoid cavity?

A

Rotator cuff muscles

31
Q

What are the muscles that resist downward dislocation of the shoulder joint?

A

Coracobrachialis, bicep, long head of tricep, and deltoid

32
Q

What is the nerve supply of the glenohumeral joint?

A

Suprascapular

Axillary

Lateral pectoral nerve

33
Q

What is the role of the subscapular bursa?

A

Sits between the tendon of the subscapularis and the neck of the scapula, protect tendon and communicate with the glenohumeral joint cavity

34
Q

Describe rotator cuff injuries?

A
35
Q

What is calcific supraspinatus tendonitis?

A
36
Q

What is adhesive capsulitis of the glenohumeral joint?

A
37
Q

What is a shoulder dislocation?

A
38
Q

What are the ligaments of the elbow joint?

A
39
Q

What are the chief flexors of the elbow joint?

A

Brachialis, bicep brachii and brachioradialis

40
Q

What is the chief extensor of the elbow joint?

A

Tricep brachii

41
Q

What is the blood supply to the elbow joint?

A

Arterial anastomoses around the elbow

42
Q

What are the important bursa around the elbow joint?

A
43
Q

What is bursitis of the elbow?

A

Subcutaneous olecarnon bursitis is most common due to location of repeated pressure of friction.

44
Q

What is an elbow dislocation?

A
45
Q

What are the general characteristics of the proximal radioulnar joint?

A
46
Q

What is the ligament of the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Anular ligament

47
Q

What are the major muscles moving the radioulnar joint in supination?

A

Supinator and the biceps

48
Q

What are the major muscles involved in pronation of the radioulnar joint?

A

Pronator quadratus and pronator teres

49
Q

What is the blood supply to the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Anterior and posterior interosseous arteries

50
Q

What is the proximal radioulnar joint nerve supply?

A

Musculocutaneous (supination)

Median (pronation)

Radial (supination)

51
Q

Describe subluxation and dislocation of the radial head

A
52
Q

Describe the general characteristics of the distal radioulnar joint

A
53
Q

The articular capsule of the distal radioulnar joint form what?

A
54
Q

Describe the movement of the distal radioulnar joint

A
55
Q

What is the blood supply and nerve supply to the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Anterior and posterior interosseous arteries and nerves

56
Q

What are the ligaments of the wrist joint?

A
57
Q

What are the chief flexors of the wrist joint?

A

Flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris

58
Q

What are the chirf entendors of the wrist joint?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris

59
Q

What is the chief abductor of the wrist joint?

A

Flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis and abductor pollicis pollicis longus.

60
Q

What is the chief adductor in the wrist?

A

Flexor and extensor carpi ulnaris

61
Q

Describe some of the common wrist injuries?

A
62
Q

Describe the articulation, articular capsule and ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints?

A
63
Q

What is the nerve supply for the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints?

A

Median and ulnar nerves

64
Q

Describe the innervation of the hand.

A
65
Q

What are some common sprains, strains and dislocations of the hand?

A
66
Q

What is mallet finger?

A
67
Q

What is a jersey finger?

A
68
Q

What is the boutonniere deformity?

A

Musculoskeletal (53 decks)

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