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Musculoskeletal > 1.5.3 Popliteal Fossa and the Leg > Flashcards

1.5.3 Popliteal Fossa and the Leg Flashcards

1
Q

What denotes the lateral and medial edge of the popliteal fossa?

A

The tendons of the hamstring

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2
Q

Where do all of the important branches of the femoral nerve orginate and stay? What is the one exception?

A

The femoral triangle.

The exception: saphenous nerve which supplies the skin of the medial calf

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3
Q

What nerve gives sensation to the medial side of the anterior thigh?

A

Anterior femoral cutaneous nerve

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4
Q

What nerve gives sensation to the lateral portion of the thigh?

A

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (not a branch off the femoral n.)

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5
Q

What are the two main arteries that supply blood to the head of the femur and hip joint?

A

Medial and lateral circumflex

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6
Q

What are the 4 bursae of the patellar joint and their location?

A
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7
Q

Quadriceps tendon bursitis especially effects which patellar bursae?

A

Suprapatellar pouch

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8
Q

What is a hip pointer?

A
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9
Q

What type of infection can give rise to a psoas abcess? Which joint can the bursae communicate with leading to infection in this joint as well?

A

Retroperitoneal pyrogenic infection from the lung

Can get into hip joint due to communicating bursae

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10
Q

Deterioration of the patellar articular cartilage due to excessive wear.

A

Chondromalacia patellae (runner’s knee)

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11
Q

What form the three boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A

Sartorius (laterally), Inguinal ligament (superiorly), and adductor longus (medially)

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12
Q

What forms the roof of the femoral triangle?

A

Fascia lata

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13
Q

What is the name of the opening of the fascia lata in the femoral triangle? What is the other type of fascia that covers it?

A

Saphenous opening or hiatus

Covered by cribiform fascia

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14
Q

What is the Mneumonic used to describe the contents of the femoral triangle lateral?

A

NAVEL

femoral Nerve, femoral Artery, femoral Vein, Empty space, Lacunar ligament

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15
Q

What is the name of the only femoral nerve branch that crosses the knee joint?

A

Saphenous N.

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16
Q

The deep femoral artery doesn’t supply the leg below the thigh. How does the femoral artery cross the knee?

A

The popliteal fossa

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17
Q

What forms the roof of the popliteal fossa?

A

Crural fossa (continuous with fascia lata)

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18
Q

What forms the anterior boundary of the popliteal fossa?

A

The capsule of the knee joint

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19
Q

Answer the ?

A

To prevent strangulation of the vessels and nerves when assuming a squatting position

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20
Q

What does the femoral artery become once it exits the hiatus in the abductor magnus?

A

Popliteal artery

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21
Q

What vein joins into the popliteal vein within the fossa?

A

Small saphenous vein

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22
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the politeus muscle?

A

Upper posterior tibia to lateral epicondyle

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23
Q

When the sciatic nerve splits in the fossa, it gives rise to which two nerves?

A

Tibial N. and Fibular N.

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24
Q

What does the tibial nerve immediately form after the sciatic splits into it?

A

multiple muscle branches (genicular nerves)

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25
Q

What nerve is formed by twigs of both the tibial n. and the fibular n?

A

Sural N.

26
Q

With IED explosions in war, what can occur within the vascularity resulting in the need for amputation if not identified.

A

Popliteal hemorrage due to arterial-to-venous fistula

(Popliteal Fistula)

27
Q

Describe the fascia arrangement around the leg

A
28
Q

What is the purpose of having two bones in the leg?

A

Weight saving

29
Q

What binds the fibula and tibia together?

A

Interosseus membrane

30
Q

What drains the medial side of calf and foot?

A

Great saphenous v.

31
Q

What drains the lateral foot and plantar skin?

A

small saphenous v.

32
Q

What are the four compartments of the leg?

A

Posterior, anterior, lateral, and deep

33
Q

What are three muscles in the anterior compartment of leg?

The possible 4th?

A

Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus

4th: fibularis tertius

34
Q

What are the only two muscles on the dorsal aspect of the foot?

A

Extensor digitorum brevis and Ex. hallucis brevis

35
Q

What movement is mediated by the muslce of the anterior compartment of the leg and why?

A

Dorsiflex for heel strike in normal gait (loss of this results in drop foot)

36
Q

What nerve runs extremely close to the surface just posterior to the head of the fibula

A

common fibular n.

37
Q

What innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Deep branch of common fibular nerve

38
Q

What are the two muscles of the lateral comparment of the leg?

A

fibularis longus and fibularis brevis

39
Q

What innervates the fibularis longus and brevis of lateral compartment?

A

superficial branch of common fibular n.

40
Q

What are the two main muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Gastronemius and soleus

41
Q

What are the three main muscles of the “deep” posterior compartment?

A

Tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallicus longus

42
Q

Describe the tract of flexor hallicus longus.

A
43
Q

Describe the tract of the FDL of the leg.

A
44
Q

What is the tract of the tibialis posterior?

A
45
Q

What anatomical structure is responsible for preventing the ankle extensor tendons from “bowstringing”

A

The inferior extensor retinaculum

46
Q

What anatomical structure is responsible for preventing the ankle extensor tendons from “bowstringing” in the medial ankle?

A

The flexor retinaculum

47
Q

What is the mnemonic for remembering the order of the three tendons, the nerve, and the vessels at the flexor retinaculum?

A

Tom, Dick, and “bloody nervous Harry

Tibalis posterior, flexor Digitorum, tibial vessels/nerve and flexor Hallucis longus

48
Q

What is the function of the gastrocnemius? How many joints does it span?

A

Flexion against gravity; 2; flexes the ankle during gait acts as a dynamic ligament

49
Q

What is the function of the soleus? How many joints does it span?

A

ankle flexion (may be strongest muscle in posterior compartment), 1 joint

50
Q

Function of Flexor hallicus longus?

A

flex big toe, “push off” during gait

51
Q

Function of flexor digitalis longus?

A

flex lateral four toes

52
Q

What is the function of the tibialis posterior?

A

Chief inverter

53
Q

What is the possible clinical importance of the fascial compartments in the leg?

A
54
Q

Which nerve accompanies the anterior tibial artery?

A

Deep fibular n.

55
Q

Name this condition

A

Varicose veins

56
Q

Name this condition

A

Muscle compartment syndrome

57
Q

What type of gait is a result of common fibular nerve injury?

A

Drop foot gait

58
Q

What type of bursitis? Inflammation of the superficial and subcutaneous infrapatellar bursae.

A

Housemaid’s or surfer’s knee

59
Q

What type of bursitis is a common complaint of long-distance runners and other active sports participants?

A

Bursitis of the calcaneal tendon

60
Q

Name this condition

A

Calcaneal tendon rupture

Musculoskeletal (53 decks)

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