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RUSVM Pathology I > Dermatitis 2 > Flashcards

Dermatitis 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is puppy strangles? What is the gross appearance?

A

Juvenile sterile granulomatous dermatitis

Pustules, nodules, swelling of face, ears, mucocutaneous junctions

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2
Q

You have a puppy that presents with fever and joint pain. Grossly you see pustules, nodules, swelling of face and ears, and mucocutaneous junction.

You take a biopsy that shows..
granulomaouts dermatitis and panniculitis

What is it?

A

Puppy strangles

Juvenile sterile granulomatous dermatitis

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3
Q

What are infectious causes of granulomas?

A

Fungal - pythium and langenidium spp

Bacterial - Nocardia, Actinomyces, mycobacterium

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4
Q

On a dog you see…
nodules, ulceration, draining sinuses with involvement of underlying bone. You also see what appear to be sulfur granules.

What is your DDX?

A

Actinomyces mycetoma (filamentous bacteria)

Nocardia-> should be ruled out because of involvement of underlying bone

Pyogranulomatous dermatitis

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5
Q

What causes feline leprosy?

A

Mycobacterium lepraemurium -> obligate intracellular , gram positive bacteria

–> granulomatous dermatitis

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6
Q

What cats are predisposed to feline leprosy?

A

Cat in cold, wet areas

FIV/debilitation

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7
Q

T/F: feline leprosy can be diagnosed by culturing the bacteria

A

F

DOES NOT grow in culture
Must use PCR

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8
Q

What is the cause of opportunist mycobacteriosoiss?

A

Facultative saprophytes

Infection tends to occur in wound contamination or traumatic implantation

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9
Q

In a Boxer you see..

Nodules involving the dorsal pinna.
What is the most likely cause?

A

Canine leproid granuloma

Saprophytic mycobacterium

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10
Q

How can you diagnose canine leproid grauloma ?

A

Difficult to culture
PCR

Can usually be found on histo-> acid fast

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11
Q

What is a lick granuloma?

A

Common in dog
- not really a granuloma!

Epidermal hyperplasia, granulation tissue, fibrosis
Caused by persistent licking/chewing

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12
Q

What are the gross lesions of a eosinophilic dermatitis?

A

Erythema
Alopecia
Scaling

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13
Q

Your histology report comes back with…
Eosinophilic dermatitis with epidermal hyperplasia.

What do you suspect the cause is??

A

Allergic skin disease

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14
Q

What are the 4 types of allergic skin disease

A

Atopic
Food allergy
Contact hypersensitivity
Insect bite hypersensitivity

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15
Q

Grossly you have a dog with..
erythema, alopecia, and excoriation
Papules, pustules, and crusts,
Lichenifiication, hyperpigmentation

Histology shows..
lymphocytic and eosinophilic dermatitis

A

Allergic skin disease

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16
Q

In allergic skin disease, erythema, alopecia, and excoriation is due to __________________, papules, pustules, and crusts are due to ________________, and lichenifiication and hyperpigmentation is due to _____________.

A

Self- trauma

Secondary pyoderma

Chonicity

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17
Q

What is the pathogenesis of atopy?

A

Type 1 hypersensitivity to environmental allergens

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18
Q

What is the distribution of atopy??

A

Ventrum
Face
Distal extremities

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19
Q

What is the pathogenesis of contact dermatitis ?

A

Type 4 hypersensitivity -> exposure via direct contact

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20
Q

What type of molecules cause contact dermatitis? And how do they cause the inflammatory reaction

A

Low molecular weight haptens present in chemicals require binding to cell-associated proteins prior to being recognized by CD8+ Tcells

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21
Q

What is the distribution of contact dermatitis?

A

Depends on site of contact, often poorly haired areas

22
Q

What is the pathogenesis of insect bite hypersensitivity ?

A

Type 1 and 4 hypersensitivity

23
Q

What is the distribution of insect bite hypersensitivites ?

A

Depends on area of bite, but can become generalized

24
Q

What military dermatitis?

A

Pattern of lesions (NOT a disease)

Small erytematous papules - commonly seen in cats with allergic skin disease

25
Q

What is eosinophilic granuloma complex?

A

Pattern of lesions (Not a disease )

Indolent ulcer
Eosinophilic plaque
Eosinophilic granuloma

26
Q

What are causes of eosinophilic granulomas?

A

Parasite reaction
Insect bite hypersensitivity
Forgiven body reaction

27
Q

What is an indolent ulcer?

A

Ulcer on upper lip

28
Q

What is an eosinophilic plaque?

A

Discrete red to ulcerated plaque on abdomen or medial thigh

29
Q

What is an eosinophilic granuloma?

A

Nodules on thigh, face, or mouth

30
Q

Horse

Multiple coalescing nodular granulomas and ulcerated areas in medial canthus of the eye

What is the MDx and the most likely cause?

A

Eosinophilic and granulomatous dermatitis

Habronemiasis (summer sores)
-> larval migration of Habronema or Draschia sp. -» deposited by house or stable flies

31
Q

On a doggo you see…

Depigmentation, erythema, scaling, erosion, ulceration, and crusting at the junction of the nose-> muzzle

What is your DDX?

A

Uveodermatologic syndrome - auto-immune disease against dermal and uveal melanocytes

Dermtomyositis

32
Q

What is the distribution of discoid lupus erthematosus?

A

Dorsal nose and nasal plenum&raquo_space;> pinnae, lips, periocular&raquo_space;> oral mucosa

33
Q

How should you differentiate circulatory disorders of the skin?

A

Discrete reddened area -> hemorrhage

Linear pattern

Geometrical shapes

Vascular lesions resulting in ischemia -> degeneration/necrosis

34
Q

What are the 4 main mechanisms of subcutaneous edema?

A

Increased hydrostatic pressure (eg. congestive heart failure)
Decrease oncotic pressure
Increased vascular permeability
Lymphatic obstruction

35
Q

How can you differentiate between congestion and hemorrhage?

A

Push on area:

Blanching => congestion
Remains reddened => hemorrhage

36
Q

What is the cause of multifocal cutaneous ecchymosis hemorrhages?

A

Primary hemostasis defect

Vasculitis vs thrombocytopenia

37
Q

Pig

Sharply demarcated geometrical shaped dark red to blue area

Some are firm, dry, sucked, darkened

What is your DDX?

A

Vasculitis (bacteria, snake bite, drug reaction, secodary to ulceration
Frostbite
Toxins causing extreme vasoconstriction

38
Q

What is diamond skin disease caused by?

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

39
Q

What causes the lesions of Diamond skin disease?

A

Vasculitis/ thrombosis -> infarction -> necrosis of the dermis and epidermis

40
Q

What is the pathogenesis of purpura hemorrhagica?

A

Type 3 hypersensitivity immune mediated vasculitis

41
Q

In a horse you see..

Red or purple macules/patches in the skin or mucous membranes

A

Purpura hemorrhagica
-> ecchymotic hemorrhage

Strep equi infection

42
Q

What is the pathogenesis of frost bite?

A

Formation of ice crystals which disrupt cells -> vasoconstriction and endothelial damage -> reduced blood flow-> thrombosis -> infarction

43
Q

What is the distribution of frost bite?

A

Extremities

44
Q

What is a wheal?

A

Irregular-shaped area of cutaneous edema; transient, solid elevations

45
Q

What is the pathological process of a wheal?

A

Vascular disorder

46
Q

Who gets urticaria (Hive)

A

Dogs and horses

47
Q

What is urticaria?

A

Localized area of edema involving superficial dermis

48
Q

What is angioedema?

A

Localized area of edema involving dermis and subcutis

49
Q

What is the pathogenesis of urticaria?

A

Type 1 and 3 hypersensitivity; mast cells degraulation -> focal edema, congestion, and pruritus

50
Q

What are triggers for urticaria?

A

Food, drug, antisera, and insect stings

RUSVM Pathology I (17 decks)

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