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RUSVM Pathology I > Dermatitis 3 > Flashcards

Dermatitis 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main causes of developmental anomalies?

A

Genetic defect
In utero infection
In utero exposure to teratogens

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2
Q

What do you call the condition of having less than the normal amount of hair?

A

Hypotrichosis

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3
Q

What is Singy calf?

A

Calf with hypotrichosis

Due to in utero BVD infection

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4
Q

What is collagen dysplasia?

A

Differently sized, and arranged collagen fibers => Hyperdistensful skin

Can easily tear and cause secondary infection

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5
Q

Condition where integument hasnt formed in a select area

A

Epitheliogenesis imperfecta

-> eg lacking hoof/dermis => secondary bacterial infection

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6
Q

What is the condition where the stratum corneum of the animal is thickened because it is not shed properly. Thickened skin becomes harder and will fisssure and crack

A

Ichthyosis

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7
Q

Disorders of alopecia can be due to what conditions?

A 
Endocrine disorders 
Hair cycle abnormalities
Excessive grooming 
Self trauma 
Autoimmune 
Poor nutrition 
Hyperkeratosis 
Cicatrical alopecia (scar)
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8
Q

What endocrine disordrers can lead to alopecia?

A

Hypothyroidism
Hyperadrenocortism
Hyperestrogenism
Alopecia X

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9
Q

What hair cycle abnormalities can lead to aoplica?

A

Post clipping
Telegenic effluvium
Antimitotic drugs- chemotherapeutic/ immunosuppressants

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10
Q

What is feline psychogenic alopecia?

A

Excessive grooming causing hair loss

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11
Q

Symmetrical alopecia and hyperpigmentation is most likely due to ???

A

Endocrine disorder

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12
Q

____________ is increased thickness of stratum basale and spinosum

A

Acanthosis

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13
Q

___________ is increased thickness of stratum corneum

A

Hyperkeratosis

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14
Q

What is parakeratotic?

A

Nuclei retained

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15
Q

What is orthokeratotic?

A

Anuclear

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16
Q

What are the two forms of hyperkeratosis??

A

Dry form (seborrhea sicca)-> dry skin and white to gray scales that exfoliate

Greasy form (seborrhea oleosa)-> excessive brown to yellow lipids

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17
Q

What re the causes of hyperkeratosis s?

A

Primary idiopathic seborrhea
Secondary seborrhea
-endocrine imbalances -> hyperadrenocorticism, hypothyroidism, and hyperestrogenism
-chronic dermatitis -> allergy and ectoparasite
Zinc responsive dermatosis

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18
Q

Who is predisposed to primary idopathic seborrhea?

A

Cockers, Springers, and Westies

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19
Q

What is primary idiopathic seborrhea?

A

Inherited disorder of keratinization or cornification

-involve hyperproliferation of epidermis, hair follicle, and sebaceous glands

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20
Q

Who is predisposed to zinc responsive dermatosis ?

A

Arctic breeds - inherited defect in zinc absorption

Pigs and rapidly growing large dog breeds on low zinc diet

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21
Q

What is the pathogenesis of sarcoptic mange ?

A

Burrow into stratum corneum -> intense pruritus through hypersensitivity -> self trauma, chronic irritation -> hyperkeratosis, lichenification, alopecia

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22
Q

What is a raised, irregular patch of thickened skin developing from chronic friction, usually over pressure points

A

Callus

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23
Q

What is a cutaneous soft tissue sarcoma?

A

Spindle cell tumor

Very common in dogs

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24
Q

What are the types of soft tissue sarcomas?

A 
Fibrosarcoma
Nerve sheath tumor
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma  
Liposarcoma 
Myxosarcoma
25
Q

Cattle

Horny, cauliflower like masses
What is this most likely?

A

Papilloma

26
Q

What is the pathogenesis of papilloma virus?

A

Viral genes inactivate host tumor suppressor proteins

27
Q

In horse
Nodular to plaque-like elevations
Histology shows both dermal and epidermal components

A

Equine sarcoidosis

28
Q

T/F: Equine sarcoidosis are highly invasive and metastatic

A

F

Highly invasive and have a high rate of recurrence

DO NOT metastasize

29
Q

What are equine sarcoids caused by?

A

Bovine papilloma virus

30
Q

Verrucous and ulcerated lesions in a poorly pigmented, sparkly haired area

Histology shows keratizing squamous cells

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

31
Q

What is a benign growth of dogs that are grossly white-yellow, greasy, and cauliflower like

A

Sebaceous adenoma

32
Q

What is a fatty benign growth of dogs?

A

Lipoma

33
Q

T/F: In cats and dogs, mast cell tumors are always considered malignant, but in horses are considered benign.

A

F

Dogs= malignant
Cat and horse = benign

34
Q

What stain can you use to visualize a mast cell tumor?

A

Toluidine blue

35
Q

Histiocytoma most commonly affects who?

A

Dogs, mostly young, but can be of any age

36
Q

What is a histiocytoma?

A

Benign tumor
Langerhans cell organ

Grossly: dome-shaped
Cyto: round cells

37
Q

Who usually gets melanomas?

A

Dog
Horse
Angora goat (not just any old goat)

38
Q

In a canine, melamomas that are oral, or mucoctuatous are often (benign/malignant), but ones in haired skin are usually (benign/malignant)

A

Malignant; benign

39
Q

I have a gray horse with a darkly pigmented mass around the perianal area. What is at the top of my DDX?

A

Melanoma

  • usually progressive and multicenteric
40
Q

What is hemangioma caused by?

A

Solar radiation

  • metastatic potential may vary with depth of tissue invasion
41
Q

What are the two types of cutaneous lymphoma?

A

Epitheliotropic
-Tcells

Nonepithelotropic
-T or B cells

42
Q

What are factors that influence melanin production?

A

Hormone
Gene
Age
Inflammation

43
Q

What is hyperpigmentation

A

AKA hypermelanosis

Usually increase in amount of melanin rather than number of melanocytes

44
Q

Generalized hyperpigmentation can be caused by?

A

Endocrine dermatosis (Cushing, hypothyroidism, hyperestrogenism)

Acanthosis nigricans- genetically determined disease of young dachshunds

45
Q

What causes localized hyperpigmentation ?

A

Chronic inflammation or physical irritation (rubbing/friction)

Congenital (freckles)

46
Q

Dog with localized hyperpigmentation on its back near the base of tail. What should be at the top of your DDX ?

A

Chronic flea allergy dermatitis

47
Q

What are the congenital causes of hypopigmentation?

A

Inherited lack of melanocytes

Piebaldism -foci with lack of melanocytes

Albinism - melanocytes are present but defect to synthesize melanin (usually tyrosinase gene)

48
Q

What are acquired causes of hypopigmentation?

A

Copper deficiency

Destruction of melanocytes or melanin-containing keratinocytes (pigmentary incontinence) -> autoimmune

49
Q

What is the MDx for lack of pigment?

A

Leukoderma

50
Q

Foal that is albino and has died of colic has what genetic defec?

A

Lethal white syndrome

Colonic hypoplasia and leukoderma

-> lack of melanocytes and cells from the myenteric plexus

51
Q

How does copper deficiency lead to lack of pigmentation?

A

Copper is an important cofactors for tyrosinase

-> lack of tyrosinase function -> decreased melanin production

52
Q

What is Arabian Fading Syndrome? How does it appear?

A

Vitiligo= Idiopathic acquired melanocytopenic hypomelanosis

Gradually expanding pale macules, often symmetrical

53
Q

What is vitiligo

A

Lack of melanocytes (idopathic acquired)

54
Q

What is the most commonly type of calcification found in the skin?

A

Dystrophic

  • calcinosis cutis
  • calcinosis circumscripta
55
Q

Dog with hyperadrenocortisim has erythematous to white gritty plaques and nodules on the skin

What is this ?

A

Calcinosis cutis

56
Q

Single hard subcutaneous nodules over a pressur point or previous site of trauma/injection

A

Calcinosis circumscripta

57
Q

Dog:

Mild granulomatous inflammation around a deposit of calcium in the dermal and subcutaneous CT

A

Calcinosis circumscripta

58
Q

Thickened/puffy gelatinous skin, sometimes with viscous fluid exudate

A

Mucins is

59
Q

Who gets mucinosis?

A

Chinese Shar-Pei (inherited)

Myxedema with hypothyroidism

RUSVM Pathology I (17 decks)

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