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Mors 200 Final- Sciences > Chemistry- Green Book- Embalming Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry- Green Book- Embalming Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

hydrogen hydroxide

A

water

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2
Q

most commonly used solvent for arterial fluids

A

water

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3
Q

most commonly used vehicle of embalming fluid solutions

A

water

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4
Q

universal solvent of primary and secondary dilutions of embalming fluids

A

water

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5
Q

killing or removal of all pathogenic organisms from a substance

A

disinfection

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6
Q

many chemical agents used in disinfectants have ____ qualities

A

preservative

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7
Q

defined as the temporary halting of the natural decomposition processes which occur in a body after death

A

preservation

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8
Q

dual purpose agents

A

chemical agents which can disinfect and preserve at the same time

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9
Q

three families of disinfectant/preservative agents used in the manufacture of embalming fluids

A
  1. aldehyde compounds
  2. alcohol compounds
  3. phenolic compounds (coal tar derivatives)
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10
Q

formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde are two of the most commonly used members of this group

A

aldehyde compounds

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11
Q

three members of this family which can be used in embalming fluids:

  • methanol (wood alcohol)
  • ethanol (grain alcohol)
  • secondary propanol (isopropyl or Rubbing Alcohol)
A

Alcohol Compounds

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12
Q

the most commonly used agents in this category are Phenol (Carbolic Acid) and Cresol

A

Phenolic Compounds (Coal tar derivatives)

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13
Q

5 actions of preservative agents

A
  1. they all neutralize the unstable chemical ions created by the deamination and decarboxylation of protein and amino acids during hydrolytic autolysis
  2. they all inhibit the further decomposition of the body by creating a substance (protein coagulate) which is resistant to hydrolysis
  3. they all inactivate the enzymes which are present in the body at the time of embalming
  4. they all kill microorganisms which are present in the body at the time of embalming
  5. they all destroy the odors of decomposition and prevent their further production. the odor is actually atomized particles of the decomposing body. these particles are protein based by-products which are neutralized by formaldehyde.
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14
Q

the number of ions present in the dead human body at the time of embalming

A

preservative demand/formaldehyde demand

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15
Q

from the moment of somatic death, the number of protein/amino acid molecules is __________

A

increasing

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16
Q

longer time between death and embalming

A

higher preservative demand

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17
Q

the number of molecules of a preservative injected into the body in excess of the preservative demand-recommended this be created in the body at the time of its embalming

A

preservative residual

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18
Q

ensures that some preservative will be avaiable if any further unexpected decomposition occurs in the body after injection due to the presence of copious amounts of water left to re-initiate hydrolytic decomposition

A

preservative residual

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19
Q

preservatives inhibit*** decomposition not

A

prevent

20
Q

“resistant to hydrolysis” not

A

immune to it.

21
Q

moisture can dislodge the preservative from the amino acid and allow

A

the peptide bond to be reestablished.

22
Q

exoenzymes, endoenzymes and microbes

A

work beyond somatic and cellular death

23
Q

protein derived compounds which contain nitrogen

A

enzymes

24
Q

exoenzymes, endoenzymes and microbes-aldehyde based preservatives have an affinity for these enzymes and when chemical union occurs-

A

enzymes are neutralized.

25
Q

microorganisms contain a protoplasm which contains _____

A

nitrogen

26
Q

formaldehyde links with ______ and kills the organism

A

nitrogen

27
Q

cololess, water-soluble gas with a pugent, irritating odor

A

formaldehyde

28
Q

formaldehyde gas is created by

A

oxidation of methanol

29
Q

a saturated aqueous solution of formaldehyde is ______ formaldehyde by weight and _____ formaldehyde by volume

A

37 percent by weight

40 percent by volume

30
Q

formaldehyde and water are often described as a mixture, but formaldehyde gas molecules and water molecules actually combine into a compound called

A

methylene glycol

31
Q

unstable compound much like hydrogen peroxide in nature

A

methylene glycol

32
Q

hydrogen peroxide can dissassociate into water and nascent oxygen….

A

methylene glycol can dissasociate or polymerize into water and formaldehyde gas

33
Q

methlyene glycol returns to formaldehyde and water by exposure to

A

air, light, heat and or cold (keep bottle tightly capped and avoid areas of extreme cold or heat)

34
Q

methylene glycol will also polymerize into ____ which settles at the bottom of the container

A

paraformaldehyde (also reduces index)

35
Q

shaking bottle does not return the paraformaldehyde back into methylene glycol but only creates

A

temporary suspension of paraformaldehyde and water

36
Q

polymerization of formaldehyde (methylene glycol) can be prevented by the addition of:

A

methyl alcohol

37
Q

known to be effective anti polymerization agent in embalming fluids

A

methyl alcohol

38
Q

formaldehyde based substances have an affinity for

A

nitrogen based substances

39
Q

proteins and amino acids are rich in nitrogen and are ______ when united with formaldehyde based substances

A

embalmed

40
Q

formaldehyde converts liquid protein into

A

a solid coagulate

41
Q

_______ do not contain nitrogen but the ____ are encased in fibers of protein which contain nitrogen

A

lipids

42
Q

formaldehyde cannot embalm lipids themselves but can create a sense of firmness by embalming the protein fibers of adipose tissue as well as cause the lipids to lose

A

moisture by dehydration

43
Q

created by inexperienced embalmer when the embalming fluids are allowed to follow the “path of least resistance” and embalm only those tissues which are open to easy penetration

A

shell embalming

44
Q

effect of shell embalming

A

hard on the outside and soft on the inside (deeper tissues not exposed to enough formaldehyde)

45
Q

to avoid shell embalming effect it is recommended that the embalmer

A

use a low rate of flow and pressure and use a combination of continuous injection accompanied by intermittent drainage procedures.

Mors 200 Final- Sciences (87 decks)

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