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Mors 200 Final- Sciences > Restorative Art Klicker pages 90-177 > Flashcards

Restorative Art Klicker pages 90-177 Flashcards

1
Q

a wound or irregular tear of the flesh

A

laceration

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2
Q

a clean cut into tissue or skin

A

incision

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3
Q

the “character” lines, wrinkles, grooves, cords, and dimples of the face and neck

A

facial marking

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4
Q

a quick-drying liquid that leaves a hard, thin, transparent coat or layer through which moisture cannot pass

A

sealer

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5
Q

a powder that is put in an incision just prior to suturing. when the powder comes in contact with moisture, it forms a soft, solid barrier against leakage

A

incision sealing powder

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6
Q

partial loss of moisture content

A

dehydration

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7
Q

the act of sewing; also the completed stitch

A

suture

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8
Q

`a suture that will be removed

A

temporary suture

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9
Q

a network of stitches employed to cross the borders of a cavity or excision, used to anchor fillers and to sustain the tissues in their proper position

A

basket weave suture

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10
Q

a suture situated or occurring beneath the surface

A

subcutaneous suture

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11
Q

putty-like substance; an absorbent sealing adhesive that can be injected under the skin or applied to surface tissues to establish skin contour

A

mastic compound

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12
Q

caused by a blade

A

incisions

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13
Q

caused by blunt force trauma

A

lacerations

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14
Q

Treatment of lacerations and incisions:

before embalming it may be necessary to make some __________ sutures of loose flaps of skin to hold them in place during embalming.

A

temporary

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15
Q

Treatment of lacerations and incisions:

inside of the wound should be dried with ______ pack to dry tissue

A

cauterant

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16
Q

Treatment of lacerations and incisions:

___________ cream should be applied to the outside of the wound and the surrounding area to prevent dehydration

A

massage

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17
Q

Treatment of lacerations and incisions:

______ embalming, wound should be dried with cotton after which sealer is brushed over all tissue below the surface. After the sealer dries, the wound can be packed with cotton and incision sealing powder or mortuary mastic.

A

after

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18
Q

Treatment of lacerations and incisions:

All dehydrated pieces of skin on the edges of the wound should be _____

A

removed

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19
Q

Treatment of lacerations and incisions:

if size of wound permits the skin to come together without distorting any nearby facial markings or features, it can be sutured closed, using a _______ suture or super glue adhesive. The sutured area can then be hidden with an application of wax over the line of closure. Natural skin pores and texture should be reproduced if necessary, and cosmetics applied

A

subcutaneous

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20
Q

Treatment of lacerations and incisions:

a _________ suture can be stitched across the laceration to act as an anchor for the wax or mastic

A

basket weave suture

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21
Q

Treatment of lacerations and incisions:

wax until sealer has dried completely ______ applying wax or mastic, which comes in contact with the sealer.

A

before

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22
Q

any abnormal color in or on the body

A

discoloration

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23
Q

to discolor with foreign matter; an area so discolored

A

stain

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24
Q

any deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of a body part, organ, or system

A

disease

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25
Q

separation of compounds into simpler substances by the action of microbes and/or autolytic enzymes

A

decomposition

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26
Q

physical injury or wound caused by external force or violence

A

trauma

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27
Q

post-mortem intravascular red-blue discoloration resulting from hypostasis of blood

A

lividity (livor mortis)

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28
Q

settling of blood and/or other fluids to dependent portions of the body

A

hypostasis

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29
Q

chemicals that lighten or blanch skin discolorations

A

bleach agent

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30
Q

the act of lightening a discoloration

A

bleaching

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31
Q

an absorbent material (pack) saturated with an embalming chemical and placed in direct contact with the tissue

A

surface compress

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32
Q

injection of chemicals directly into the tissues through use of a syringe and a needle

A

hypodermic injection

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33
Q

antiseptic/disinfectant employed to dry moist tissues and to bleach discolored tissue

A

phenol (carbolic acid)

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34
Q

the space between the lips and the gums and teeth; the vestibule of the oral cavity

A

buccal cavity

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35
Q

to whiten by removing color; to make pale

A

blanch

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36
Q

can be removed by embalming

A

discoloration

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37
Q

cannot be removed by embalming

A

stain

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38
Q

if _____ occurs while applying pressure to an area, it is considered a discoloration. Otherwise, blood has hemolyzed, releasing hematin into the tissues, causing a post-mortem stain.

A

blanching

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39
Q
  • disease
  • decomposition
  • medical treatment
  • trauma
  • post-,mortem lividity (livor mortis) caused by hypostasis
A

examples of causes of discoloration occuring before embalming

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40
Q
  • use of an arterial injection solution that was too strong
  • inadequate drainage
  • using a formaldehyde-based arterial fluid on a jaundice case, as it will change the yellow color to green
A

examples of the causes of discoloration occuring during embalming

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41
Q
  • razor burns
  • gray discoloration of the buccal area due to inadequate drainage
  • patches of dark colored skin caused by post-embalming decomposition
A

examples of the causes of discoloration after embalming

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42
Q

first procedure for removing a discoloration is

A

injection of embalming solution

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43
Q

three options for treating a stain:

A
  1. remove or decrease the stain by bleaching
  2. cover the stain with cosmetics
  3. bleach the stain and then cover any remaining stain with cosmetics
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44
Q

two common methods of bleaching a stain

A
  1. surface compress

2. hypodermic injection

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45
Q
  • cavity fluid
  • phenol and alcohol
  • preservative gel
  • special-bleaching gel
A

bleaching agents

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46
Q
  • lightening of bleach
  • lightening of non-stained tissue
  • possible dehydration
  • fixation of tissue
A

effects of bleach

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47
Q

when using a surface compress

A

apply massage cream to surrounding area to prevent dehydration on non-stained areas

cover compress with plastic to reduce fumes

check at intervals and monitor effectiveness

remove when stain is gone or at least reduced as much as possible

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48
Q

when using hypodermic injection

A

inject bleaching agent into the stained tissue using a hypodermic syringe and needle

inject bleaching agent into the entire stained area.

try not to inject bleaching agent in non stained area

seal entrance wound with a drop of tissue adhesive

(be careful not to inject below stained tissue or overbleach the area)

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49
Q

if phenol is the bleaching agent used

A

should be applied with a brush in order to control the amount used

easy to over bleach an area when using phenol

embalmer should have alcohol available to use as a neutralizing agent against the phenol

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50
Q

most surface stains caused by dirt, grease, and grime will be removed by

A

soap and water

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51
Q

other stain removers

A

adhesive tape-rubbing alcohol, ether

blood-cold water, ammonia

paint- turpetine, paint thinner

nicotine- lemon juice, household bleach

tar; varnish-acetone, commercial remover, liquid shampoo

iodine-alcohol

mercurochrome- household bleach

grease- ether, acetone, gasoline, liquid shampoo

oil- ether, kerosene, gasoline, carbon tetrachloride

wax-ether

urine-ammonia

ink-lemon juice

glue-white vinegar

lipstick- dry cleaning solvent

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52
Q

to oxidize or be oxidized by fire or equivalent means; the tissue reaction or injury resulting from application of heat, extreme cold, caustics, radiation, friction or electricity

A

burns

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53
Q

any injury caused by heat, which produces redness of skin

A

first degree burn (hyperemia)

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54
Q

those resulting in acute inflammation of the skin and blisters

A

second degree burn

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55
Q

burns that result in destruction of cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues (seared, charred, or roasted tissue)

A

third degree burn

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56
Q

complete incineration

A

fourth degree burn

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57
Q

rapid onset

A

acute

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58
Q

reaction of tissues to injurious agents. Usually characterized by heat, redness, swelling, and pain

A

inflammation

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59
Q

cosmestics in pencil form for coloring the hairs of the eyebrow or creating an eyebrow where the hairs were removed.

A

eyebrow pencil

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60
Q

reduced to carbon; the state of tissues destroyed by burning

A

charred

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61
Q

a thin vesicle on the skin containing watery matter

A

blister

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62
Q

to burn superficially, as the hair, which shows partial destruction from scorching heat

A

singe

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63
Q

requires no special type of treatment, skin will be red, unbroken and with no tissue destruction. only possible treatment is using a stronger than normal arterial injection solution as a precaution against skin slip, applying massage cream during embalming and cosmetic application after embalming

A

first degree burn

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64
Q

characterized by acute inflammation with blisters of the skin or the complete absence of the epidermis. no charing or major destruction of tissues, hair may be singed.

A

second degree burn

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65
Q

blisters should be opened and loose skin removed before arterial injection. surface embalming compress should be applied to these tissues during embalming because the heat often coagulates the blood in the surface tissues, and arterial fluid cannot reach these areas. some embalmers prefer to remove loose tissue and apply a surface compress after embalming. After tissues are dried and painted with a sealer, cosmetics are applied.

A

treatment of second degree burn

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66
Q

characterized by charring and destruction of the surface and deeper layers of tissues. this type of burn presents the greatest difficulty for the embalmer, both in achieving preservation and in accomplishing presentable-looking remains.

A

third-degree burns

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67
Q

for viewable areas that have experienced charring and destruction of tissue, the charred tissue should be excised down to non-charred tissue if possible. A surface embalming compress should be applied. After tissues have been dried, they should be covered with sealer. FOr surface tissue, wax can be applied over the large openings. Wax or mortuary putty should fill the wound to the surface. Pores and facial markings can be reproduced when cosmetics applied.

A

treatment of third degree burns.

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68
Q

characterized by complete incineration of tissue and are not appropriate for reconstructive art

A

fourth degree burns

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69
Q

an area from which something has been cut out

A

excision

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70
Q

to remove by cutting out

A

excise

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71
Q

spontaneous new growth of tissue forming an abnormal mass

A

tumor

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72
Q

pertaining to cancer

A

cancerous

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73
Q

any malignant neoplasm marked by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells

A

cancer

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74
Q

angled cut of the borders of an excision, which is made so that the skin surface will overhang the deeper tissue

A

undercut

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75
Q

mastic compound

A

a putty-like absorbent sealing adhesive that can be injected under the skin or applied to the surface tissues to establish skin contour.

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76
Q

pre embalming excising tissue

A

if an excision is made before arterial injection, the embalmer must take great care not to interfere with the ciruclation to the area. It may also be necessary for her to apply temporary sutures to hold the edges of the incision together. This will ensure a more natural appearance after embalming.

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77
Q

post embalming excising tissue

A

excision of a tumor is performed after the arterial injection unless the tumor is blocking circulation.

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78
Q

example of treating an excision of a tumor

A
  • tumor removed
  • cotton soaked in a cauterant is placed over the wound to dry exposed tissue
  • basket weave suture acts as an anchor for the mastic or wax
  • mortuary mastic or wax is applied over sutures
  • reproduce pores and facial lines
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79
Q

pathological source, such as disease before death

trauma, such as accident, homicide, or suicide

decomposition before embalming

improper handling or positioning of the body

medical procedures such as the use of a respirator or supersaturation with IV fluids

A

pre embalming swelling is caused by these

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80
Q

excessive amount of fluid injected without sufficient drainage

excessive massage

using a rate of flow that was too fast or pressure was too high

A

during embalming swelling is caused by these

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81
Q

first treatment for swelling is done

A

during the embalming operation

inject a strong dehydrating hypertonic solution.

this can mean doubling or tripling the strength of the arterial solution

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82
Q

external pressure can be used to treat swollen features

A
  • manually (by a hand)
  • wet cotton compress (in either water or cavity fluid for a more dehydrating effect)
  • collar (if swelling is in the neck, a pneumatic or water collar can be placed around the neck, causing reduction of the swelling)
  • electric spatula: cover swollen area with massage cream*, then use the spatula in a continuous motion to reduce the swelling.
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83
Q

______ can be used to treat swollen features

A

aspiration

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84
Q

____________ is the act of inserting a needle, trocar, or bistoury through the swollen area to make multiple channels or canals for the release of gas or the draining of liquids. Multiple channels are used but the same entry point. This helps swelling go down. After channels are made, massaging will help push fluid out through entry point

A

channeling

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85
Q

absorbent cotton is placed against the incised area. The cotton draws fluid from the area into the cotton.

A

wicking

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86
Q

first and preferred method of incision treatment to reduce swelling. Make an incision in the skin on the concealed area of the feature, i.e. under the eyelid, behind the lips, or on the inside of the cheek. After the incision is made, the area is manually pressed using digital pressure and the fluid is squeezed out.

A

concealed

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87
Q

the second incision method is to make the incision in the skin on the outside of the feature and use squeezing and wicking. This is the least favorable option of incision to use to reduce swelling, because of the need to wax over the incision and the possibility of surface leakage.

A

exposed

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88
Q

last option for reducing swelling that an embalmer will use is ______ the swollen tissue

A

excising

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89
Q

____ methods for the embalmer when excising swollen tissue

A

two

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90
Q

dissect the tissue from a concealed area in the feature such as under the eyelid, behind the lip, or inside the cheek. After removing tissue, incised area must be dried and cauterized with a compress of cotton and a cauterizing agent. The area is sealed with a sealing agent and then sutured.

A

first and most preferred method of surgical reduction.

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91
Q

excise the swollen tissue from the outside as if it were a surface tumor or lesion. After the excsion, the area would be dried chemically with a cauterizing agent, packed with cotton, sutured, and wax would be applied.

A

second and least favored surgical reduction

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92
Q

sloughing off of the epidermis wherein there is a separation of the epidermis from the underlying dermis.

A

desquamation (skin slip)

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93
Q

outermost layer of skin; cuticle, or scarf skin

A

epidermis

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94
Q

corium or true skin

A

dermis (derma)

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95
Q

can occur before death as caused by exposure to excessive heat or cold, radioactive agents, or caustic chemicals. It can also be consequence of diseases such as kidney failure or edema.

A

desquamation

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96
Q

can also develop after death as a consequence of decomposition, after embalming, as a result of injecting an inadequate volume of arterial solution, using arterial solution that was not strong enough, or by an inadequate distribution of arterial solution.

A

desquamation

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97
Q
  • most drastic is to re embalm the body using a stronger arterial solution
  • puncture any blisters
  • remove loose skin
  • surface compress of cavity fluid can be applied during or after embalming (cover with plastic to reduce fumes)
  • may be necessary to hypodermically inject arterial fluid into the deeper area below the skin slip
  • if the skin becomes dry and dark due to the surface embalming, wax may be applied, pores and lines reproduced, and cosmetics applied
A

treatment of skin slip

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98
Q

injection of a special tissue building liquid into the tissues through the use of a syringe and needle to restore natural contour.

A

hypodermic tissue building

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99
Q

applied or administered under the skin

A

hypodermic

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100
Q

instrument used to inject or aspirate fluids

A

syringe

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101
Q

outline or surface form

A

contour

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102
Q

partial loss of moisture content

A

dehydration

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103
Q

chemicals used in addition to vascular (arterial) and cavity fluid

A

accessory chemicals

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104
Q

chemical that increases the ability of embalmed tissue to retain moisture

A

humectant

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105
Q

texture of jelly

A

gelatinous

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106
Q

preservative embalming chemical injected into the arterial system during vascular embalming

A

arterial fluid

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107
Q

substance used to elevate sunken (emaciated) tissue to normal level by hypodermic injection

A

tissue builder

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108
Q

a place at which access to inner positions may be had;l a place at which a hypodermic needle may be inserted

A

point of entry

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109
Q

a substance capable of dissolving something

A

solvent

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110
Q

HCHO; colorless, strong-smelling gas that is a powerful preservative when used in solution

A

formaldehyde

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111
Q

what are the most common areas that require tissue building?

A 
temples
eyes
cheeks
lips
hands
supraorbital area
mouth
neck
forehead
chin
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112
Q

first option to build up dehydrated tissue

A

arterial injection

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113
Q

second option to build up dehydrated tissue

A

hypodermic tissue building

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114
Q

equipment of hypodermic tissue building

A
  • hypodermic syringe
  • needles
  • tissue building liquid and solvent
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115
Q

hypodermic tissue building fluids form into a ______ substance when they come in contact with moisture

A

gelatinous

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116
Q

two types of tissue builders are

A

one with formaldehyde and one without.

formaldehyde ones are firming

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117
Q

recommended points of entry for tissue building are:

A

hidden points of entry. if necessary a drop of glue can be used to seal the entry point.

118
Q

hidden point of entry for the eyes

A

between the lids at the inner canthus or the medial corner

119
Q

hidden point of entry for the supraorbital area

A

in the eyebrows

120
Q

hidden points of entry for the temples

A

outer edge of the eyebrow

hairline above the temple

behind the top of the ear

sideburn when present

121
Q

hidden points of entry for the cheeks

A

behind the wing of the nose

corners of the mouth

outside the ear behind the lobe

inside the ear behind the tragus

angle of the jaw

***pay attention to the nasolabial fold and the nasolabial sulcus and make sure you use an aneurysm hook to define those features

122
Q

hidden points of entry for the lips mucous membrane and integumentary lips

A

lateral corners at the end of the line of closure

behind the medial lobe

inject each side of the lip separately rather than across the lip to the other side.

the injection point would be at the lateral corner of the lip behind the weather line, needle should extend to the medial lobe

123
Q

hidden points of entry for the neck

A

inside the ear

angle of the jaw

124
Q

hidden points of entry for the chin

A

behind earlobe

lower center of the chin

125
Q

hidden points of entry for the forehead

A

in the eyebrow

the hair

126
Q

hidden points of entry for the nose

A

bridge of the nose

inside the nose

127
Q

hidden points of entry for the ear

A

lobe

behind top of helix

128
Q

hidden points of entry for the hands

A

fingers:
sides of fingers
between knuckles

back of hand:
between the closest knuckles
wrists

sides:
between thumb and index finger
baby finger at knuckle

129
Q

wounds entering the interior of an organ or cavity (pistol wounds, medical devices, punctures, stab wounds), can be small or large, requiring small cavity restorations or large cavity restorations

A

penetrating wounds.

130
Q

rifle is ______ velocity and a pistol is ______velocity

A

high and low

131
Q

wounds from close range are more ______ than those from a distance

A

severe

132
Q

a wound near the temple is likely to result in:

A

swollen or discolored eyes

133
Q

marginal abrasion

A

grazing

134
Q

irregular tears in the cutaneous surface

A

lacerating

135
Q

bullet enters and stays in the cavity or organ

A

penetrating

136
Q

bullet enters and exits the cavity or organ

A

perforating

137
Q

bones can be shattered

A

high velocity projectile

138
Q

entrance wounds are usually cleaner and smaller than exit wounds

A

exit wounds are usually lacerated and larger

139
Q

Pre embalming restoration after pistol/rifle wound

A
  • face is covered with an emollient
  • surface bleaching, pack on ecchymosis around the eyes
  • cold compress on swollen eyes
140
Q

embalming restoration for a pistol/rifle wound

A

leave wounds open and observe distribution in the tissues of the lacerations, etc.

141
Q

post embalming restoration of a pistol/rifle wound

A
  • excise the dehydrated margins around lacerations
  • ensure that the tissue is firm and dry
  • large, deep wounds will be treated as large cavity restorations
  • small wounds may be sutured with the purse string or “N” suture
  • some wounds may need to be waxed. ensure that the tissue is sealed, firm and dry
  • swollen or discolored areas will need to be treated
  • powder burns may be masked with opaque cosmetics
142
Q

pre embalming restoration of puncture

A
  • remove scabs with a sharp instrument

- cover the area with emollient

143
Q

post embalming restoration of a puncture

A 
excise dehydrated marginal tissue
ensure that the tissue is firm and dry
purse string or "N" suture
wax if necessary
cosmetize if necessary
144
Q

severed limb treatments

A
  • each part of the limb should be embalmed separately
  • if no vessels are available, hypodermic injection of the limb may be necessary
  • when embalming is completed all vessels should be ligated and the exposed tissue areas should be dried and sealed with a sealer
  • suture the muscles of both parts as tight as possible, then suture the skin entirely around the limbs, suture line can be covered with a sealer, cover this with cotton and second coat of sealer.
  • if suturing shortens the limb, take four metal, plastic, or wooden rods or splints (metal recommended for arms because bendable)
  • rods covered with rolled cotton and sealer for a soft feel, area can be taped with adhesive or duct tape.
145
Q

missing arm or hand treatment

A

long sleeve dress, shirt or jacket is recommended. sleeve can be stuffed with a soft material such as a pillow filling.

white glove should be stuffed to represent a gloved hand-wrist end should be pinned to the inside of the jacket.

metal from can be used as well with a soft sealer

most difficult option-to reproduce the hand using mortuary mastic molded in the hands shape. mastic can be covered with wax, finger lines can be reproduced and artificial fingernails can replace natural nails. A new hand should be attached to the sleeve to keep it from separating from the arm. When positioning the arms and hands in the casket when only one hand is reproduced, place the molded hand under the natural hand

146
Q

missing leg treatment

A

similar to reproducing the arm.

sock is stuffed and placed in the shoe. The sock should be pinned or stitched to the inside of the pant leg or long dress to keep it from separating from the leg. legs can be covered with a blanket.

147
Q

twisted limb treatment

A
  • may be necessary to sever the ligaments located behind the elbow or knee
  • limb is placed in proper position and the incision is dried, sealed and sutured in such a manner that the limb can be positioned correctly.
  • wooden, plastic or metal splint may be placed under the knee and taped to the leg for support
  • severely arthritic twisted human remains may necessitate removal of part of the casket bedding to obtain a more appealing presentation.
148
Q

separation of the head from the body; to decapitate is the act of such separation

A

decapitation

149
Q

the trunk of a body

A

torso

150
Q

decapitation treatment

A
  • necessary to embalm head and trunk separately
  • head injected using common coratids if they are intact
  • external and internal coratids if the common coratid isn’t in tact
  • hypodermic injection if vessels are not available
  • usually requires two people.
  • torso can be injected using axillary arteries
  • purchase or making three plastic or wood splints or metal rods 8-12 inches long, sharpen both ends
  • insert the first splint/rod into the spinal canal of the vertebrae
  • head is placed on the rod protruding from the vertebral column so that the end passes through the foramen magnum
  • head aligned in proper position, and the other two rods are inserted into the muscles on both sides of the esophagus and trachea.
  • suture muscles and tissues
  • mortuary mastic for more realistic experience
  • wax and cosmetics applied
151
Q

a broken bone that is classified as simple or compound

A

fracture

152
Q

broken bone that does not pierce the skin

A

simple fracture

153
Q

a broken bone that pierces the skin

A

compound fracture

154
Q

a chronic metabolic skeletal disease; inflammation of the bone

A

osteomeylitis

155
Q

an appliance of wood, metal, or other suitable material used to protect or immobilize a movable part

A

splint

156
Q

the two types of fractures are

A

simple and compound

157
Q

a break in the bone that does not pierce the skin

A

simple fracture

158
Q

broken bone that does pierce the skin

A

compound fracture

159
Q

pre embalming fracture treatment

A

-when any type of fracture distorts the normal appearance of a feature, it should be given attention before embalming

160
Q

post embalming fracture treatment

A

any packing material to treat a fracture before embalming must be removed after embalming.

any incisions or breaks in the skin must be dried or sealed.

to maintain normal form, bones may need to be wired together.

missing sections of bone may need to be replaced using wood, plastic or metal pieces.

splints may need to be positioned partially or completely around the bone to perfect original shape

161
Q

condition characterized by excessive concentrations of bilirubin and bile pigment in the skin and tissues, resulting in a yellow appearance of the deceased

A

jaundice

162
Q

special arterial fluids with bleaching and coloring qualities for use on bodies with jaundice

A

jaundice fluid

163
Q

one of the most difficult conditions to treat and overcome

A

jaundice

164
Q

many causes for jaundice, one of them being

A

hepatitis

165
Q

best to hope for when using jaundice fluid is

A
  • remove some discoloration
  • counterstain the tissue with a more natural color and
  • cover the remaining discoloration with cosmetics
166
Q

pre embalming treatment of jaundice

A

washing body with warm water and cover body in massage cream, wipe body with towel afterwards to remove some discoloration

167
Q

during injection treatment of jaundice

A

pre injection can help flush out discoloration if treatment isn’t present

arterial dye containing a counterstain can help create a more natural color.

high index fluid can turn the body a green color.

restricted cervicle method should be used. this will allow the body from the neck down to be treated with a stronger solution than the head, insuring adequate preservation.

168
Q

creating the hair appearance desired by the client

A

styling

169
Q

an appliance used to curl straight hair using heat

A

curling (thermal) iron

170
Q

tubular-shaped objects around which hair is rolled, used to create rolls

A

roller (hair) curls

171
Q

a person licensed to cut and style hair and apply cosmetics

A

cosmetologist (hair stylist)

172
Q

small, white scales on scalp

A

dandruff

173
Q

`a manufactured cover for the head made of natural or synthetic hair

A

wig

174
Q

a partial wig designed to be applied in existing hair to add length

A

fall

175
Q

a small hairpiece for men

A

toupee

176
Q

a number of hairs grouped for use as a replacement

A

hair patch

177
Q

the outline of the growth of hair on the head or face; the lowest centrally located part of the hair on the cranium

A

hairline

178
Q

the growth of hair located anterior to the ear

A

sideburns

179
Q

a preparation to be used for cleansing the hair; the acto of cleansing the hair

A

shampoo

180
Q

sources to find hair to replace

A

hair can be taken from the back of the head and put in the front

hairpieces, wigs, falls, and toupees

barber shops and hair salons give hair to funeral directors sometimes (weird in my opinion)

cosmetic brushes can be cut to look like hair.

181
Q

replacing eyebrows

A

place a thin layer of wax along the supraorbital arch, insert the end of hair into the wax. eyebrows occur naturally upward and outward toward the distal edge.

182
Q

replacing sideburns and temple area

A

area can be waxed and hair pressed into wax. hair could also be glued to the area or implanted by placing hair into the skin instead of the wax.

183
Q

replacing the moustache

A

layer of wax is applied to the superior integumentary lip, begin by putting hair into the wax from the lateral side and working toward the middle. hairs should point downward and towards the outer corners of the mouth.

184
Q

replacing the entire head

A

either purchase a wig, use a scarf or hat, or replace whole head of hair. replacement hair is usually artificial hair.

185
Q

the act of sewing; also the completed stitch

A

suture (stitch)

186
Q

a thread, cord, or wire used for tying vessels, tissues or bones

A

ligature

187
Q

under the skin

A

subcutaneous

188
Q

a type of suture used to close incisions so the suture thread remains entirely under the epidermis; a hidden subcutaneous suture

A

intradermal suture

189
Q

the type of stitch seen on a baseball cover; used for vascular or autopsy incisions

A

baseball suture

190
Q

a method of sewing an incision along with the edges without entering the opening whereby the suture becomes invisible, and the line of suture becomes depressed, making easy concealment by wax

A

worm suture

191
Q

a network of stitches employed to cross the borders of a cavity or excision, used to anchor fillers and to sustain the tissue in its proper position

A

basket-weave suture

192
Q

a material or technique employed to secure tissues or restorative materials in a fixed position

A

anchor

193
Q

suture made around the circumference of a circular opening or puncture to close it or to hold the margins in place

A

purse-string suture

194
Q

a temporary suture consisting of individually cut and tied stitches employed to sustain the proper position of tissue.

A

bridge stitch (interrupted)

195
Q

most commonly used stitch. can seal incisions and is especially good on autopsy incisions.

to make this stitch, pass a needle and ligature from beneath the incision up to the skin and cross side to side with each stitch

A

baseball stitch

196
Q

can be used in a hidden area. can be used to draw the edges of the skin together or toreduce excess tissue.

stitch follows the pattern of the single intradermal suture, except that it is made through the surface of the skin

A

worm suture (inversion; draw)

197
Q

stitch is used to form a thread anchor for wax or mastic in a large, deep wound.

end of ligature is knotted inside the wound. the crisscross network of stitches is made in the base of the wound. This network is used as an anchor for wax or mastic compound

A

basket-weave suture

198
Q

when it is desirable to close an incision so it cannot be seen, the ___________________ are the sutures of choice

A

intradermal and worm stitches

199
Q

one needle is used, and it is placed into the skin a short distance from one end of the incision. The ligature is left projecting out of the entrance point.

sutures are placed under the skin and moved alternately from one side of the incision to the other.

after entire incision has been stitched, the ligature is passed from end of the incision through the skin a short distance from the end.

two protruding ends of ligature are pulled simulatneously, closing the incision. Some puckering of the skin may occur if pulled too tightly

A

single intradermal (subcutaneous)

200
Q

this method involves using two needles, one at each end of the same ligature, and then stitching so that the threads cross each other in a pattern resembling laced up shoes.

when the far end of the incision is reached, the embalmer places a thumb at the end of the incision where the sewing started and pulls the two ends of the thread at the other end of the incision, drawing the edges together.

A

double intradermal (subcutaneous)

201
Q

the purse-string suture is used to secure the margins of holes in position. a series of small stitches through the skin is made around the circumference of the opening. the ends of the thread are knotted within the opening.

A

purse string suture.

202
Q

the suture creates a tight, leakproof closure. It does, however, leave a visible ridge on the surface. The ligature passed through both sides of the incision from the outside. It can be locked tight by looping the needle through the thread and pulling it close

A

lock suture

203
Q

this suture is used to close long incisions. pass the needle through both sides of the incision starting on the outside of the incision on one side. the needle is passed from inside to outside on the other side of the incision.

A

whip suture

204
Q

this stitch is used to temporarily hold tissue in place during embalming; can be single or multiple stitches.

A

bridge.

205
Q

required materials for a non-viewable case

A
  1. disinfectant spray
  2. liquid cauterant
  3. cavity fluid
  4. embalming powder
  5. adhesive glue
  6. gauze bandage
  7. utility cotton
  8. cotton casket webbing
  9. two large white sheets
  10. heavyweight rubber sheeting (54” wide) or vinyl sheeting
  11. white vinyl disposable pouch
206
Q

most common types of bodies that are beyond post embalming restorative art treatments

A

gas bacillus
third degree burns
drowning
mutilated and crushed cases

207
Q

any body that is in the advanced stages of decomposition and is highly infected with tissue gas is just about impossible to return to a condition of natural appearance. Bodies in this category would probably have not been found for several days, particularly in a hot humid climate.

A

gas bacillus

208
Q

when the tissue of a burned case is actually charred, it presents perhaps the greatest difficulty in preservation and in dispelling the burned odor.

A

third degree burns

209
Q

bodies that have been immersed in water over extended periods of time might usually be referred to as “floaters” and have advanced tissue gas present

A

drowning

210
Q

these bodies, too, are particularly difficult. blood vessels are usually severed, complicating the arterial injection and making preservation difficult

A

mutilated and crushed cases.

211
Q

steps in preserving non viewable autopsied remains

A
  1. thoroughly disinfect body’s exterior
  2. leave all of the viscera in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. pour cavity fluid over viscera.
  3. sternum should be positioned into place
  4. autopsy incision is sutured and closed
  5. if no viscera in body, replace with cotton. aspirate cavities dry and apply ample amount of embalming powder. saturate with cavity fluid.
  6. place brain tissues in thoracic cavity, ample amount of embalming powder should be sprinkled in brain cavity. place an amount of cotton in the cavity similar in volume to the brain tissue which has been removed.thoroughly saturate with cavity fluid.
  7. place cavity fluid filled cotton in brain cavity.
  8. suture head closed
212
Q

steps in preserving non viewable non autopsied remains

A
  1. aspirate
  2. disinfect bodys exterior
  3. place rubber sheet under deceased
  4. place cotton overtop rubber sheet-soaked in cavity fluid
  5. place body on cotton
  6. wrap body in cotton on top as well with embalming powder and more cavity fluid on top cotton. wrap the rubber sheet around them, place deceased in pouch and use liquid sealer on pouch
213
Q

embalming concerns of organ and tissue donation are:

A
  1. getting enough arterial fluid to the legs, feet, arms, and hands
  2. controlling the leakage of fluid after embalming
214
Q

pre embalming procedures for organ and tissue donation

A

no different than a normal case

215
Q

embalming and restorative steps for organ and tissue donation cases

A
  • remove all sutures and open all procurement incisions
  • remove any prosthetic devices. the devices remain if they do not interfere with locating and injecting the arteries
  • raise left and right coratid arteries for injection of the head and trunk. Head and trunk can also be injected through the femoral artery
  • do not use a pre-injection fluid; make the arterial fluid stronger than usual for the trunk and limbs
216
Q

leg treatment for organ and tissue donation cases

A
  • use femoral artery
  • clamp off vessels
  • if lower legs do not recieve enough fluid, anterior and posterior tibial arteries injected
  • if feet do not recieve enough fluid, dorsalis pedis artery can be raised and injected or the feet can be hypodermically injected using a needle and syringe or trocar.
217
Q

arm and hand treatment of organ and tissue donation

A

use axillary or brachial arteries. if hands dont receive enough fluid, radial artery can be injected.

218
Q

trunk treatment in organ and tissue donation

A

embalmed by injecting the femoral artery, subclavian or carotids

219
Q

head treatment in organ and tissue donation

A

carotid arteries, solution doesnt need to be as strong as limbs

220
Q

after injection in organ and tissue donation bodies

A
  • allow body to drain for as long as possible
  • dry all tissues with arms and legs
  • coat the tissues with preservative and absorbent product
  • suture incisions with a tight suture
  • wash body
  • aspirate thoracic and abdominal cavities
  • rubber undergarnments
  • tape plastic/rubber undergarments down to prevent leakage.
221
Q

eye enucleation

A
  • slide an aneurysm hook under the eyelid and raise gently
  • dry socket with cotton
  • saturate a small ball of cotton with a drying agent and swab the socket, leave saturated cotten in the socket during embalming
  • place eye cap over the cotton
  • bleaching agent can be used if eye has become discolored
  • coat lids with massage cream
  • do not use pre injectin fluid, instead normal strength arterial fluid should be used
  • observe eyes carefully while injecting head.
  • saturated cotton can help reduce swelling

after injection-remove the temporary cotton packing, dry the socket and duplicate the eyeball using cotton or mortuary putty
place an eye cap on top of cotton or mortuary putty
eyelids can be glued together if necessary

222
Q

removal of the cornea only

A

will be necessary to aspirate the fluid from the eyeball before embalming

the drying and packing is done inside the empty eyeball instead of the eye socket. and follow procedures like eye enucleation

223
Q

skin donation

A

skin is usually removed from the back, chest, and thighs. removal of skin does not damage any arteries, muscles, joints, bones or other organs needed for embalming. main concern with regard to embalming is to control leakage from the area

-embalm like normal
-area used for donation should be treated with a surface application of a drying and preservative product such as gel, powder, or fluid followed by a waiting time of 30-60 mins or longer, if time permits. skin taken from back presents the most difficulty-usually requires two people.
paint area with embalming glue and cover with cotton.
plastic undergarments.

224
Q

postmortem cosmetology accomplishes the recreation of natural form and color by:

A
  • replacing color in the skin that was lost through the settling of blood, and the loss of blood during embalming
  • counteracting color changes in the skin caused by the graying effect of formaldehyde on blood and tissue
  • covering discolorations in the skin
  • accenting positive facial features
  • de-emphasizing negatively appearing features
  • compensating for artificial funeral home lighting
225
Q

two methods for restoring color in a deceased person

A
  • internal method

- external method

226
Q

involves the use of an arterial injection solution that contains a dye

advantage-adds pink dye to skin
disadvantage-can cause blotchy or uneven colorying

A

internal method

227
Q

through application of cosmetics to skin, they may be in the forms of creams, powders, or liquids

A

exernal method

228
Q

types of external coloring

A

cream cosmetics-a semi-solid consistency
powder cosmetics-a solid substance in the state of fine, loose, particles, produced by crushing or grinding
liquid cosmetics-a fluid colorant in which pigments are dissolved or suspended

229
Q

classification of cosmetics:

A

transparent
translucent
opaque

230
Q 
having the property of transmitting rays of light through its substance so that a body situated beyond or behind it can be distinctly seen. 
can be ....
liquid 
cream
powder
A

transparent

231
Q

somewhat transparent; transmitting light but not causing sufficient diffusion to eliminate perception of distinct changes. can be…
liquid
cream
powder

A

translucent

232
Q

not transparent or translucent; not allowing light to pass through. a concealing cosmetic. can be…
liquid
cream

A

opaque

233
Q
  • does not cake or clump on skin or hair
  • does not rub off easily
  • does not give a pasty appearance
  • dries quickly
  • easily removed from hair
A

pros of transparent liquid

234
Q
  • limited color choice
  • does not cover discolorations
  • dehydrating if alcohol based
  • does not cover wax well
  • can collect in deep pores and appear darker than the rest of skin
A

cons of transparent liquid

235
Q
  • many help prevent dehydration
  • choice of thickness (light or heavy)
  • covers discolorations
  • covers wax
  • mixes with wax
A

pros of opaque cream

236
Q
  • can look pasty
  • can color hair
  • clumps
  • rubs off easily
  • needs powder application to dry
  • stains clothing
A

cons of opaque cream

237
Q

variations of these four colors can produce skin color

A

dark brown
yellow
red
white

238
Q

everyone has the same amount of melanocytes, differences in skin color result in the amount of

A

melanin the cells produce, the distribution and size of pigment granules within melanocytes also influence skin color. sun can temporarily darken ths skin by darkening melanin and stimulating the melanocytes to produce more melanin

239
Q

the color and texture of the skin. color varies as a result of the differences in the color of the pigment within an dunder the epidermis and the dermis

A

complexion

240
Q

a heredity absence of pigment in the skin, hair and eyes

A

albinism

241
Q

the pigment that gives the blood color. blood can also affect the color of the skin. Bright red, oxygenated blood gives the skin a pinker look. Darker, non-oxygenated blood can make the skin appear blush.

A

hemoglobin

242
Q

the yellow pigment of the skin

A

carotene

243
Q

uneven concentrations of melanin appearing as a dark spot, usually on the face. it is not considered a discoloration that needs covering

A

freckles

244
Q

variation of complexion colors

A

yellowish
brownish
reddish
variations-light, medium, dark, darker.

245
Q

four basic factors that affect the normal complexion of each individual

A

age
climate
health
genetics

246
Q

skin color becomes duller and grayer as the skin texture changes from the smoothness of youth to the coarser skin of the elderly

A

age

247
Q

either an abundance or lack of sunshine will change the melanin concentrations of the skin

A

climate

248
Q

the degree of redness of the complexion is affected by the quantity of blood in the superficial capillaries

A

health

249
Q

our complexion is determined in part by the genes we are born with

A

genetics

250
Q

unusual deviations from one’s normal complexion may occur due to _____ and _______

A

blood discolorations and pigment discolorations

251
Q

the escape of blood into the intercellular spaces due to trauma or hypostasis

A

blood discolorations

252
Q

typical examples for the variety of pigmentary discolorations are the

A
  • yellow to greenish of jaundice
  • bronze discoloration of addison’s disease
  • green discoloration due to decomposition
  • gray discoloration caused by arterial injection fluid
  • purple-caused by postmortem stain, contusion, hospital markings
  • yellow-brown-caused by dehydration
253
Q

changes in moisture skin content may appear in a variety of color variations

A
  • sallow from emaciation
  • light to medium browns, as an indication of dehydration; as the loss of skin moisture content continues
  • darker browns, typical of dessication of tissues
254
Q

complexion cosmetic in designer cosmetology. a basecoat, applied to the skin as the first layer of makeup

A

foundation

255
Q

a cheek color, usually a cream or powder applied to the cheek and other warm color areas impart natural-appearing color

A

blush/rouge

256
Q

a cosmetic used to color the lips; usually a stick or cream

A

lip color

257
Q

a cosmetic used to darken the lashes

A

mascara

258
Q

a colored cosmetic, usually in powder form, applied to the upper eyelid

A

eye shadow

259
Q

a cosmetic in liquid, cake, or pencil form applied as a line where the eyelashes join the eyelid

A

eyeliner

260
Q

a cosmetic in soft, solid, or powdered form applied to give color to the eyebrows

A

eyebrow pencil

261
Q 
gloved hand
brush
sponge
puff/pad
spray
A

methods for applying external cosmetics

262
Q

consider the following when choosing brushes

A 
purpose of operation
style of ferrule (metal part in which hair is fastened onto)
settling of compound
design handle
sources of hair
263
Q

sources of hair in a brush

A 
red sable
black sable
ox hair
camel hair
fitch hair
badger hair
goat hair
bristle
synthetic bristle
264
Q

comes from the tail of the kolinsky (commonly known as the red tartar marten). The red sable brush has the finest quality of hair, uniform in length, strength, thickness, and spring. The price of the red sable increases as the length increases.

A

red sable

265
Q

comes from the tail of the wood marten and stone marten, also, black sable comes from the civet-cat, whoes tail is black with white brushes

A

black sable

266
Q

taken from ears of oxen and comes in many different qualities. hair is light or dark in color, springy in character and makes up one of the better quality brushes in embalming

A

ox hair

267
Q

not used in making cosmetic brushes. soft silky fine hair, artist brush

A

camel hair

268
Q

two meanings: one when used in reference to hair and another when used in reference to the ferrule (shape) of a given brush. from the russian fitch or north american skunk. black with grey or white at the end of the bristles

A

fitch hair

269
Q

comes from badger that inhabits the regions of turkey and southern russia. hair is from ridge of back. white with black stripe. stiffer and lots of spring to it

A

badger hair

270
Q

less expensive brushes. back of the animal, hair from chin whiskers too

A

goat hair

271
Q

has a high gloss, resilient texture, and is usually made with nylon bristle. not recommended for postmortem cosmetic work because of stiffness of bristle

A

synthetic bristle.

272
Q

spreading brushes

A

1” cream spreader
1/2” liquid spreader
1” heavy liquid spreader
1”tint spreader

273
Q

stippling brushes

A 
1" coarse stippling
1/2" stippling
1" fine stippling
1/2" coarse stippling
1/2" fine stippling
1 1/2 " wax stippling
274
Q

powder dusting and tamping brushes

A

7/8” powder dusting
3/4” powder dusting
1” utility dusting
1” powder tamping

275
Q

tinting brushes

A

1/4” round tinting
3/4” tinting
3/4” feature tinting

276
Q

blending, lining, highlighting brushes

A 
1/16" fine lining
1/2" hairline blending
1" hairline blending
3/16" lip and eye lining
1/8" lip lining
1/4" lip lining
1/2" highlighting
1/4" fine detailing
1/8" ultra-fine detailing
277
Q

types of foundations

A

liquid
cake powder
cream in a jar
cream in a stick

278
Q

cosmetic used to recreate the natural red coloring in the warm color areas of the skin caused by the blood

A

blush or rouge

279
Q

warm color areas of the skin

A 
cheeks 
chin
ears
mucous membranes of the lips
forehead on males
knuckles
fingernails
cuticles
280
Q

location of blush on the cheek depends on the

A

age of deceased

281
Q

front plane of the cheek below the center of the eye

A

young child

282
Q

halfway between the center of the eye and the end of the line of closure

A

older child

283
Q

below the end of the line of eye closure

A

young or middle aged adult

284
Q

down the cheek below the frontal cheekbone, faint and barely visible

A

elderly adults

285
Q

using the tips of the fingers or a brush, place a small pat of blush on the center of the chin and blend it up and out until it is only barely visible

A

blush to chin

286
Q

top of the ear and blend down helix and anti-helix to the tragus. coloring is also applied to the tragus only a small amount of coloring needed for both pars

A

blush to ear

287
Q

very light to two frontal eminences. should be blended upward for both parts of the ear

A

blush to forehead

288
Q

use little blush at a time, upward and outward motion on the cheeks. never apply bright red circles. do not bring blush lower than the base of the nose or too near the nose. good guide is too place the index and third fingers alongside the nose. cheek color should go no closer to the nose than the outer edge of these fingers

A

blush to adult cheek

289
Q

cosmetic used to color the membrane of the lips

A

lip color

290
Q

purpose is to reproduce natural coloration of the lips, whereas most lip color on living is used to create a distinctive coloration on the lips, which is more colorful than the lips natural color

A

purpose of mortuary cosmetology coloration of lips

291
Q

types of lip color

A

liquid
cream in jar
cream in stick form

Mors 200 Final- Sciences (87 decks)

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