Chemistry-Green Book- Vocabulary Flashcards
Substance that releases hydrogen ions when placed in water; a solution whose Ph is less than 7.
Acid
A type of reaction typical of unsaturated hydrocarbons which combines two compounds to form a third by reducing the number of bonds between carbons.
Addition Reaction
The substance produced by saponification of fatty acids.
Adipocere (Grave Wax)
Organic compound characterized by the presence of the hydroxyl group.
Alcohol
Carbohydrate containing an aldehyde functional group.
Aldose
Aliphatic, saturated hydrocarbon containing all single carbon to carbon bonds.
Alkane
Aliphatic, unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one double bond between adjacent carbon atoms.
Alkene
Element that exists I more than one form.
Allotropic
An organic compound derived from ammonia.
Amine
The characteristics of both acid and base, allowing the substance to function as a buffer; characteristics of substances that ionize as both acids and bases when in solution.
Amphoteric Properties
The constructive aspect of metabolism; the process which build complex substances from simpler substances. (Example: the storing of glycogen by the liver).
Anabolism
An ion with a negative charge.
Anion
Substance that inhibits the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria.
Antiseptic
Solution having water as the solvent.
Aqueous Solution
Organic compound containing a benzene ring structure.
Aromatic
The smallest particle of an element that can exist and retain all of the properties of that element.
Atom
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. The atomic number is also equal to the number of electrons in an atom.
Atomic Number
Approximately equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons.
Atomic Weight
Digestion of tissues by enzymes contained within the tissue; self digestion of the body as part of decomposition.
Autolysis
Substance that releases hydroxide ions when placed in water; a solution whose Ph is greater than 7.
Base
The study of the chemical processes of life in both health and disease; chemical processes in health and disease; i.e. all the chemical processes that occur in living things.
Biochemistry (Physiological chemistry, Biological Chemistry)
Something that will resist changes in the Ph. (Usually a weak acid or a weak base).
Buffer
A polyhydroxyl alcohol modified so that it contains either an aldehyde or ketone functional group; derivatives of polyhydroxyl alcohols containing an aldehyde or ketone group.
Carbohydrates
The destructive aspects of metabolism; the conversion of complex substances into simpler compounds (Example: digestion).
Catabolism
An agent which alters the speed of a chemical reaction.
Catalyst
An ion with a positive electrical charge.
Cation
The method by which compounds are held together.
Chemical Bonding
A change in the chemical structure of one or more substances resulting in the production of one or more new and different substances.
Chemical Change
A statement describing a change that can only occur if new substances are made from precursor materials.
Chemical Property
The study of the nature of matter and the changes that matter can undergo.
Chemistry
The insoluble state of a protein produced by heating or contact with a chemical such as an alcohol or an aldehyde.
Coagulate
A mixture of insoluble particles and a solvent, whose particles cannot be seen by the unaided eye, that will pass through filters, but not through membranes.
Colloidal System
Solution containing a relatively large amount of solute as compared to some other similar solution or some standard solution of the same type.
Concentrated
A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between two atoms.
Covalent Bond
Shrinking of a blood cell due to a hypertonic solution.
Crenation
Non-colloidal substances which when in solution, can diffuse (pass) through a semi-permeable membrane.
Crystalloids
Removal of the amine group from an amino acid.
Deamination
Removal of the carboxyl group from an amino acid.
Decarboxylation
A measure of the amount of matter contained in a given volume for a specific substance.
Density
Substance used to mask, destroy or change unpleasant odors.
Deodorant
Aldehyde that has two CHO functional groups.
Dialdehyde
Movement of a solute from a concentrated solution to a dilute solution through a semi-permeable membrane; the separation of crystalloids from colloids by the passage of the crystalloids through a semi-permeable membrane that holds back the colloids (insoluble particles). This is what takes place in the kidneys and why we don’t lose all our blood cells into urine.
Dialysis
Movement of a substance through some medium from a high concentration to a lower concentration.
Diffusion
The breaking down of complex foods (in the alimentary canal) into simple soluble compounds, whose molecules are small enough to pass through membranes and thus be absorbed by the cells of the body.
Digestion
Solution containing a relatively small amount of solute as compared to some other similar solution or some standard solution of the same type.
Dilute
An alcohol with two OH groups.
Dihydroxy (Dihydric)
Carbohydrate containing two saccharide groups.
Disaccharide
Substance that kills pathogenic microorganisms.
Disinfectant
Killing or removal of all pathogenic organisms and substances that they produce that cause disease.
Disinfection
Formed by two atoms sharing two pairs of electrons (equivalent to 4 electrons).
Double Covalent Bond
Refers to the splitting apart of water by passing an electric current through it. This refers to the decomposition or analysis type of reaction of water. (NOT the same as electrolytes).
Electrolysis of Water
Something that will conduct electricity when placed in solution. Conduct electricity only because they will ionize (break apart into ions). Acids, bases, and salts will all conduct electricity when placed in a solution, so they are all examples of these.
Electrolytes
Particles found outside the nucleus of atoms having a -1 charge.
Electrons
The simplest form of matter that cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means.
Element
The study of the chemical processes involving dead organic matter in terms of decomposition and preservation.
Embalming Chemistry
Process of creating an emulsion by adding an emulsifier.
Emulsification
Substance added to two mutually insoluble liquids with the aid of a third substance; a mixture of two liquids which do not ordinarily mix (such as water and oil) to which you add a soap to cause them to mix.
Emulsion
A chemical reaction in which heat is absorbed.
Endothermic
A biological catalyst.
Enzyme
Organic compound containing the COO functional group; compound formed by the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.
Ester
Organic compound containing oxygen as the functional group; compound formed by the reaction between two alcohols.
Ether
A dihydroxy alcohol used in embalming fluid as a humectant.
Ethylene Glycol
A chemical reaction in which heat is given off.
Exothermic
The vertical columns of the periodic table.
Family (Group)
A type of lipid which contains saturated fatty acids; which is usually a solid at room temperature.
Fat
Monocarboxylic acids that tend to form lipids.
Fatty Acids
The anaerobic breakdown of organic compounds (carbohydrates) by microorganisms into simpler products, releasing carbon dioxide; the oxidative decomposition of complex substances (carbohydrates) through the action of enzymes, produced by microorganisms.
Fermentation
A saturated solution of HCHO in water; a solution of formaldehyde gas dissolved in water. This is an aqueous solution.
Formalin
Alphabetic symbol representing one molecule of a compound.
Formula
