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Large Animal Medicine II > Bovine Upper GI Diseases > Flashcards

Bovine Upper GI Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is an effective way to age cattle?

A

Look at the teeth!

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2
Q

What is the infectious agent for vesicular stomatitis?

A

Rhabdoviridae - bullet shaped virus

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3
Q

How is vesicular stomatitis spread?

A

Horizontal transmission via vectors (midges, black flies, sand fleas), direct contact

–> results in economic losses (low milk, poor reproduction, death)

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4
Q

When are clinical signs seen are what are they?

A
  • Have 3-14 day incubation
  • see vesicles on tongue, lip, muzzle, interdigital skin, teats
  • causes excessive salivation, not eating, lameness
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5
Q

How do you treat and contain Vesicular stomatitis?

A
  • Isolate animal and contain for 30 days past last clinical sign
  • give easy to consume feed
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6
Q

How do you test for vesicular stomatitis?

A
  • Call state vet!!! Indistinguishable from FMD (REPORTABLE)

- test vesicular fluid, epithelium, serum, lesion swabs - viral isolation, ELISA, virus neutralization, PCR

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7
Q

What causes foot and mouth disease?

A

Picornavirus

  • Several serotypes and subtypes
  • Very hardy in environment
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8
Q

What animals are most clinically affected by FMD? Which incubate without clinical signs?

A
  • Cattle and swine most clinically affected

- Small ruminants incubate without CS

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9
Q

How is FMD tramsmitted?

A
  • By aerosol, direct contact, fomites

- Resp tract most common infection site in cows

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10
Q

What are clinical signs of FMD?

A
  • Excessive salivation, lip smacking, vesicles on mouth mucosa, tongue, palate, teats, nares, interdigital skin, coronary bands
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11
Q

How do you treat FMD?

A
  • CALL STATE VET
  • Isolate/ slaughter all affected/ exposed animals
  • Vaccinated and quarantine in endemic areas
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12
Q

What causes bovine papular stomatitis?

A
  • Parapoxvirus
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13
Q

What are clinical signs of BPS?

A
  • Raised papules on muzzle, lips, oral mucosa
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14
Q

Which age of cattle are affected by BPS?

A
  • Calves – mild disease
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15
Q

How does Actinomyces bovis cause disease?

A
  • Opportunistic infection after break in epithelium/ mucosa

- Normally found in oral and Resp Tract

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16
Q

What are clinical signs for actinomycosis?

A
  • “lumpy jaw”
  • Osteomylelitis of mandible/ maxilla
  • non-painful mass
17
Q

How do you diagnose actinomycosis?

A
  • History and CE
  • Definitive diagnosis from culture (difficult), exudate smear (see SULFUR GRANULES)
  • Gram positive, club shaped rods and filaments
18
Q

How do you treat actinomycosis?

A
  • IV sodium iodide –> several treatments 5-10 days apart
  • Antibiotics
  • Debride wound
19
Q

How does Actinobacillus lignieresii cause disease?

A
  • Opportunistic when breaking through epithelium and mucosa

- Normally in GI tract

20
Q

What are the clinical signs of Actinobacillosis?

A
  • Granulomatous glossitis (wooden tongue)
  • Dysphagia, drooling, tongue protrusion
  • Head and neck granulomas
21
Q

How do you diagnose Actinobacillosis?

A
  • See excessive painful, exudative granulation tissues
  • Sulfur granules
  • Isolate organism (easy in lab)
22
Q

How do you treat Actinobacillosis?

A
  • IV 20% NaI
  • Antibiotics
  • Debride
  • Better prognosis than Actinomycosis
23
Q

What are some common causes of pharyngeal lacerations/ retropharyngeal abscesses?

A
  • Injury following oral treatments

- e.g balling guns, frick speculum, orogastric tubes, drenching instrument

24
Q

What are clinical signs of pharyngeal lacerations, retropharyngeal abscesses?

A
  • Mild inappetence
  • Respiratory distress –> head and neck extension, swelling and inspiratory distrees, necrotic breath
  • Death
25
Q

How can you diagnose pharyngeal lacerations/ retropharyngeal abscesses?

A
  • Mouth speculum/ endoscopy
  • Radiographs (find abscess)
  • US (differentiate from cellulitis and abscess)
26
Q

How do you treat pharyngeal lacerations/ retropharyngeal absecesses?

A
  • Mild cases self-resolve on their own
  • Large lesions - carefully lavage, rumen fistula
  • Prognosis guarded
27
Q

What is the causative agent of calf diptheria

A
  • Fusobacterium necrophorum (necrobacillosis)

- Normal oral cavity inhabitant but invades tissues from damage

28
Q

What are clinical signs of calf diphteria?

A
  • “barking calves”
  • extended head and neck
  • Respiratory distress
29
Q

How do you treat necrobacillosis?

A
  • if mild, use antibiotics

- Don’t stress if respiratory distress –> give temporary tracheostomy, tube feed, recover quickly

30
Q

What causes esophogeal obstructions/ choke? What are the clinical signs?

A
  • Ingesting foreign objects/ food without entirely chewing
  • Appear anxious, head/ neck extension, excessive salivation, retching
  • Can result in respiratory distress and death
31
Q

How do you treat esophageal obstructions/ choke?

A
  • Pass a large bore orogastric tube
  • Sedate
  • Small lavage

Large Animal Medicine II (15 decks)

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