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Large Animal Medicine II > Omasal and Abomasal Disorders > Flashcards

Omasal and Abomasal Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is one of the functions of the omasum?

A
  • Absorb volatile fatty acids, electrolytes, water
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2
Q

How does omasal impaction occur?

A
  • Occurs when giving rough fibrous feeds during drought or being fed machine-made wheat
  • *difficult to distinguish from other forestomach disorders**
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3
Q

What are the clinical signs of omasal impaction?

A 
anorexia
➤ dehydration
➤ abdominal distention
➤ ruminal hypomotility
➤ no palpable abnormalities of intestines
➤ empty rectum (no feces)
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4
Q

How do you diagnose omasal impaction?

A
  • Exploratory rumenotomy
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5
Q

How do you treat omasal impaction?

A
  • Fluids
  • Supportive care
  • Change diet
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6
Q

What are predisposing factors to abomasal ulcers?

A
  • Any age cattle

- New stressors

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7
Q

What organisms can potentially cause abomasal ulcers?

A
  • H. pylori?
  • Clostridium
  • Campylobacter
  • Strep
  • Fungi
  • C. Perfringens type A
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8
Q

What are the different types of abomasal ulcers?

A 
Non perforating ulcers
➤ Non bleeding ulcers (Type 1)
➤ Major bleeding (Type II)
➤ Perforating ulcers
➤ Local peritonitis (Type III)
➤ Diffuse peritonitis (Type IV)
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9
Q

What are type I abomasal ulcers associated with?

A
  • LDAs, coliform mastitis, metritis
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10
Q

What are the clinical signs of type I abomasal ulcers?

A
  • Reduced feed intake and milk production
  • Darkened soft/ fluid feces
  • Diagnosed at necropsy
  • Minimal anemia
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11
Q

What are clinical signs of type II abomasal ulcers?

A
  • Black tarry feces w/ anemia

- Large decrease in milk production, appetite, and motility

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12
Q

How do you diagnose type II abomasal ulcers

A
  • Anemia (PCV < 15%)

- Guaiac fecal occult blood test –> 75ml loss/ day

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13
Q

What other disease is type II abomasal ulcers associated with?

A
  • Lymphosarcoma
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14
Q

How do you treat types I and II abomasal ulcers?

A
  • Treat other diseases, reduce stress, correct diet
  • Give whole blood for anemia (at least 5 L, no cross matching necessary)
  • Can give ranitidine IV (not PO!!!!)
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15
Q

What disease does type III perforating abomasal ulcer resemble?

A
  • TPR

- CS include moderately febrile, anorectic, acutely deceased milk production

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16
Q

What are the clinical signs of type IV perforating abomasal ulcer?

A
    • A medical emergency**
  • Tachycardia
  • Rumen stasis
  • Severe dehydration
  • Recumbency with cold extermities
17
Q

What diagnostics would you perform for perforating abomasal ulcers?

A
  • Abdominocentesis (toxic neutrophils w/ intracellular bacteria)
  • Type III –> neutrophilic leukocytosis, hyperproteinemia ( hyperglobulinemia/ hyperfibrinogenemia)
  • Type IV severe neutropenia, hemoconcentration, hypoproteinemia
18
Q

How do you treat perforating abomasal ulcers?

A
  • Broad spectrum antibiotics

- Stall rest

19
Q

What is the prognosis for abomasal ulcers?

A
  • Types I-III fair (unless lymphosarc)

- Type IV GRAVE!!!!!

20
Q

What is the most common side for displaced abomasum?

A
  • Left side –> no volvulus/ occlusion/ obstruction

**right is rare-ish (and an emergency) –> rotates around mesenteric axis causing obstruction and ischemia

21
Q

What factors predispose cattle to displaced abomasum?

A
  • Dairy cattle 4-7 years old with 2 weeks of lactation
  • Associated with periparturient disease
  • Seasons
  • Improper diets
22
Q

What biochem values can determine LDAs?

A
  • AST, milk protein-fat ratio, BHB (most important)
23
Q

How can you diagnose displaced abomasum?

A
  • Ausculation and percussion –> check central - caudal central abdomen
  • Ping on left side = rumen gas
  • Ping on right side = gas in spiral colon/ cecum
  • Liptack test –> Centese area below gas ping, abomasum has pH <4.5 and “burnt almond smell”
  • US
  • Definitive = abdominal exploratory
24
Q

How can you medically treat a displaced abomasum? Surgically?

A
  • Medically –> combine with surgery and correct underlying cause
  • Surgically –> many options (roll and toggle, right flank omentopexy/ omentoabomasopexy, left flank abomasopexy, right paramedian abomasopexy, laparoscopic abomasopexy)

Large Animal Medicine II (15 decks)

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