Pain

Question 1

3 types of pain?

Answer 1

nociceptive
inflammatory
pathological

Question 2

which of the 3 types of pain is adaptive?

Answer 2

nociceptive

inflammatory

Question 3

when would pain be classed as pathological?

Answer 3

when it outlives its biological purpose and thus becomes debilitating

Question 4

which type of pain occurs immediately after damage?

Answer 4

nociceptive

Question 5

what are nociceptors

Answer 5

peripheral primary sensory afferent neurones

Question 6

what activates nociceptors

Answer 6

intense stimuli eg thermal, mechanical, chemical

Question 7

how does the stimuli cause neurotransmitters to be released?

Answer 7

stimuli acts on peripheral terminal of nociceptor -> depolarisation -> AP -> central terminal in CNS -> release of NTs

Question 8

are nociceptors first or second order neurons

Answer 8

first

Question 9

what type of neurons are neurotransmitters trying to attract

Answer 9

second order

Question 10

which type of pain is exhibited in the withdrawal reflex

Answer 10

nociceptive

Question 11

how is inflammatory pain different from nociceptive in terms of the feeling of pain?

Answer 11

something that wouldn’t hurt before hurts now - pain hypersensitivity and allodynia

Question 12

what is allodynia

Answer 12

innocuous stimuli now illicit pain

Question 13

how does inflammatory help to repair damage?

Answer 13

pain stops you touching area

discourages movement

Question 14

does inflammatory pain involve the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 14

no

Question 15

does inflammatory pain involve spontaneous pain

Answer 15

yes

Question 16

what is pathological pain

Answer 16

pain that has no protective function; there due to abnormal nervous system

Question 17

name 2 types of pain caused as a result of a dysfunctional nervous system

Answer 17

neuropathic

dysfunctional

Question 18

what does neuropathic pain feel like?

Answer 18

spontaneous pain
pain hypersensitivity
maladaptive

Question 19

what does dysfunctional pain feel like

Answer 19

no pain when there should be

Question 20

what causes neuropathic pain?

Answer 20

peripheral nerve

lesion to nerve

Question 21

what causes dysfunctional pain?

Answer 21

abnormal central processing

normal peripheral nerves

Question 22

what happens in patients with congenital insensitivity to pain?

Answer 22

loss of function mutations halt production of an Na channel that is important in nociceptive neurons

lack of nociceptor function

Question 23

give examples of loss of function mutations

Answer 23

missense

deletions

Question 24

name the 2 types of nociceptor?

Answer 24

A delta fibres

C fibres

Question 25

which of the 2 nociceptor types is unmyelinated?

Answer 25

C fibres

Question 26

which nociceptor type mediates slow pain

Answer 26

C fibres

Question 27

what type of nociceptor produces stabbing, pricking sensations

Answer 27

Alpha delta fibres

Question 28

what type of nociceptor produces burning , throbbing, cramping, aching sensations

Answer 28

C fibres

Question 29

what nociceptor type is activated by touching an object over 53oc

Answer 29

alpha delta type 1

Question 30

which nociceptor types are activated by touching and object 43oc and under

Answer 30

c-polymodal

alpha delta

Question 31

through which areas of the neuron are chemical substances released?

Answer 31

central and peripheral terminals

Question 32

what systemic effects does substance P have on body?

Answer 32

vasodilation
histamine release
sensitises nociceptors
helps form prostaglandins and bradykinin

Question 33

does glutamate produce a fast or slow epsp?

Answer 33

fast

Question 34

where are primary afferent cell bodies located?

Answer 34

dorsal root ganglia