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2 Anatomy > Anatomy of the Larynx > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

what happens to the position of the larynx from childhood to adulthood?

A

descends down in the throat

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2
Q

the larynx is a sphincter T or F

A

T

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3
Q

what joins the cartilages of the larynx?

A

connective tissue

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4
Q

what 2 structures does the larynx lie between?

A

pharynx

trachea

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5
Q

what fascia does the larynx lie in?

A

visceral layer of pretracheal fascia

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6
Q

where is the pretracheal fascia in relation to the investing fascia?

A

deep

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7
Q

how is the larynx held up in the neck?

A

via the pretrachial fascia’s attachment to the hyoid bone and mandible

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8
Q

what is the laryngopharynx?

A

region of the pharynx from epiglottis to oesophagus?

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9
Q

where is the larynx in relation to the laryngopharynx?

A

it’s anterior to it

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10
Q

most anterior aspect of thyroid cartilage?

A

adam’s apple/laryngeal prominence

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11
Q

what vertebral level is the laryngeal prominence LOCATED?

A

C4/5

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12
Q

at what part of the thyroid cartilage and vertebral level does the oesophagus start

A

C6

cricoid cartilage

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13
Q

what bone lifts the larynx up?

A

hyoid bone

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14
Q

what is the laryngeal inlet?

A

opening into airway

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15
Q

how does the epiglottis close the laryngeal inlet?

A

it moves posteriorly to cover it

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16
Q

how are alveoli kept open?

A

surfactant

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17
Q

functions of larynx?

A

patency of URT
prevents FB entry
produces sound

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18
Q

name the horns of the hyoid bone

A

2 lesser

2 greater

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19
Q

only component of the cartilaginous airway that is a complete ring?

A

cricoid cartilage

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20
Q

what 2 structures join to make the cricothyroid joint?

A

facet of cricoid cartilage

inferior horn of thyroid cartilage

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21
Q

what cartilage is important for movement of vocal folds in larynx?

A

arytenoid cartilage

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22
Q

name the processes of the arytenoid cartilages

A

superior
vocal
muscular

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23
Q

what connects to form the cricoarytenoid joint?

A

muscular process of arytenoid

cricoid cartilage

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24
Q

the arytenoid cartilage is found on the exterior surface of the larynx T or F

A

F, found on interior

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25
Q

what vertebral level is the cricoid found at?

A

C6

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26
Q

where is the laryngeal ventricle in relation to the vocal cords?

A

between false and true cords

27
Q

the false vocal cord is more superior than the true cord T or F

A

T

28
Q

when will the vocal fold become the true vocal cord?

A

when it gets mucosa (without it it is just a ligament)

29
Q

what membrane thickens to form the vestibular ligament?

A

quadrangular membrane

30
Q

what 2 structures does the true vocal cord join?

A

vocal process of arytenoid

thyroid cartilage

31
Q

what 2 structures does the false vocal cord join?

A

arytenoid

epiglottis

32
Q

what is the rima glottidis?

A

space between the true vocal cords

33
Q

what is the aryepiglottic fold?

A

superior border of the quadrangular membrane that forms the laryngeal inlet

34
Q

all intrinsic muscles of the larynx are skeletal muscle T or F

A

T

35
Q

name the 2 “antagonistic” pairs of vocal cord movements

A

tension/relaxation (determine pitch)

add/abduction (quiet/loud)

36
Q

innervation to intrinsic muscles of larynx?

A

CNX

37
Q

what do the cricothyroid muscles do?

A

tense vocal ligaments to increase pitch

38
Q

what do the thyroarytenoid/vocalis muscles do?

A

relax vocal ligaments to decrease pitch

39
Q

why do men have a lower voice than women?

A

cords and cartilage are thicker and more robust in men

40
Q

what muscles are responsible for adduction of the vocal cords?

A

lateral crico-arytenoid

41
Q

what effect will adduction of the vocal cords have on the voice?

A

will make it quiet

42
Q

what do the arytenoid muscles do?

A

adduct the vocal cords to make the voice quiet

43
Q

which intrinsic muscles of the larynx look like the scottish flag?

A

arytenoid muscles

44
Q

name the only set of muscles responsible for abduction of the vocal cords?

A

posterior crico-arytenoid muscles

45
Q

how is the voice made louder?

A

via opening of the rima glottidis

46
Q

what muscles help you to whisper?

A

lateral cricoarytenoids

47
Q

what muscles help with phonation?

A

arytenoids

48
Q

what laryngeal tumour will present with swollen lymph nodes and why

A

supraglottic tumour

drains to superior deep cervical nodes

49
Q

what laryngeal tumour will present with voice changes only?

A

glottic tumour

50
Q

subglottic tumours present with what?

A

voice/air obstruction

51
Q

what muscles help to build pressure to allow speech

A

anterolateral abdominal wall muscles

inspiratory intercostal muscles

52
Q

when will vibration of the vocal cords occur?

A

only when the subglottal threshold is reached

53
Q

how is entry closed off to the nasopharynx?

A

tense and elevate soft palate

54
Q

how is entry closed off to the oropharynx?

A

tense and descend soft palate

55
Q

only intrinsic muscle not to be supplied by inferior laryngeal nerve?

A

cricothyroid

56
Q

what nerve supplies the mucosa above the vocal fords?

A

INTERNAL laryngeal nerve

57
Q

what nerve supplies the muscosa below the vocal cords?

A

INFERIOR laryngeal nerve

58
Q

nerve supply to cricothyroid?

A

external laryngeal nerve

59
Q

the left recurrent laryngeal nerve becomes X nerve at the level of Y.

A

X- inferior laryngeal nerve

Y= cricothyroid joint

60
Q

sensory and motor supply to palate, pharynx and larynx?

A

CNX

61
Q

how do you test if CNX is working in the pharynx?

A

ask patient to take a small sip of water

62
Q

how do you test if CNX is working in the larynx?

A

listen to the patient speak

ask them to cough

63
Q

the recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of what? where does it branch?

A

CNX

mediastinum

64
Q

superior laryngeal nerve is a branch of what?

A

CNX

2 Anatomy (28 decks)

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