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2 Anatomy > Anatomy of the Pituitary Gland > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Pituitary Gland Flashcards

1
Q

what endocrine glands are contained in the cranial cavity?

A

hypothalamus

pituitary gland

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2
Q

how many parathyroid glands are there?

A

4

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3
Q

what endocrine glands are in the abdominal cavity?

A

2 adrenal glands

pancreas

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4
Q

what does the cerebellum do?

A

controls movement

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5
Q

what structure does most cranial nerves come off of?

A

brainstem

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6
Q

what makes up the diencephalon?

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

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7
Q

what structure forms the centre of the cerebrum?

A

diencephalon

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8
Q

what structure does the pituitary gland come off of?

A

hypothalamus

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9
Q

name these structure from superior to posterior: medulla oblongata, midbrain, pons

A

midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata

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10
Q

what structure connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland?

A

infundibulum

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11
Q

is the pituitary gland split into lobes? if so, what are they?

A

yes, anterior and posterior

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12
Q

what lobe of the pituitary gland is mainly a connection of nerve cells?

A

posterior

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13
Q

what lobe of the pituitary gland releases ADH?

A

posterior

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14
Q

where specifically is the pituitary gland located in the cranial cavity?

A

pituitary fossa of the sphenoid bone

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15
Q

what area of the sphenoid bone does the pituitary fossa lie?

A

sella turcica

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16
Q

what would be the clinical presentation of a pituitary tumour?

A

vision affected

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17
Q

what structure contains photoreceptors?

A

retina

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18
Q

2 types of retina?

A

cones

rods

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19
Q

what structure lies immediately superior to the pituitary gland?

A

optic chiasm

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20
Q

what nerves form the optic chiasm

A

right and left optic nerves (cn2)

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21
Q

what structures extend back from the optic chiasm?

A

optic tracts

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22
Q

where do the optic tracts synapse?

A

thalamus

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23
Q

where do the post-synaptic optic axons travel to?

A

visual cortex in the occipital lobe

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24
Q

what side of the retina does nasal vision hit?

A

temporal side

25
Q

what side of the retina does temporal vision hit?

A

nasal side

26
Q

what effect does a pituitary tumour have on eyesight?

A

disrupt any action potentials from the nasal retina by compressing the optic chiasm -> this stops the patient having temporal vision

27
Q

what effect on the eyes would failed temporal vision have?

A

cant see on the outer areas of the eye but can see inner

28
Q

what is failed temporal vision on both eyes called?

A

bilater hemianopia

29
Q

what are the main 2 methods for getting into the brain called?

A

transcranial

transsphenoidal

30
Q

what bones do the nasal conchae belong to?

A

inferior is its own bone

superior and middle are part of ethmoid

31
Q

what are the paranasal sinuses lined by?

A

mucous secreting respiratory mucosa

32
Q

what are the 4 main paranasal sinuses?

A

frontal sinuses
maxillary sinuses
ethmoidal air cells
sphenoidal sinuses

33
Q

what paranasal sinus is usually affected in sinusitis?

A

maxillary sinus

34
Q

what 2 structures do the ethmoidal air cells lie between?

A

nasal cavity

orbit

35
Q

where do the right and left frontal sinuses connect?

A

midline

36
Q

what artery crosses the pons arteriorly?

A

basilar artery

37
Q

what is dura mater?

A

a lining of the internal cranial cavity

38
Q

what makes up the basilar artery?

A

2 vertebral arteries

39
Q

what is tentorium cerebelli?

A

tough sheet of dura mater “tenting” over the cerebellum within the posterior cranial fossa

40
Q

what part of the cranial fossa is the tentorium cerebelli in?

A

posterior cranial fossa

41
Q

what is diaphragm sellae?

A

tough sheet of dura mater forming a roof over the pituitary fossa

42
Q

what structure does the venous channels of the brain lie in?

A

dura mater

43
Q

what do the venous channels of the cranial cavity drain into?

A

internal jugular veins

44
Q

what is the anterior intercavernous sinus?

A

connects the right and left cavernous sinuses anterior to pituitary gland

45
Q

what arteries pass through the cavernous sinuses of the cranial cavity?

A

internal carotid arteries

46
Q

where do the dural venous sinuses drain into the internal jugular veins?

A

jugular foraminae

47
Q

name the nerves of the right cavernous sinus from anterior to posterior

A 
CN:
3
4
6
5
48
Q

what muscle is the oculomotor nerve sensory for?

A

sphincter muscle of iris

49
Q

effect of a damaged oculomotor nerve?

A

problem moving eye

dilated pupil

50
Q

what is the function of the trochlear nerve?

A

motor supply to one muscle that moves the globe

51
Q

effect of a damaged trochlear nerve?

A

problems moving eye

52
Q

what does the trigeminal nerve do?

A

sensory supply to eye, maxilla, mandible; motor to muscles of mastication

53
Q

effect of problems with trigeminal nerve?

A

sensory problems on face

difficulty chewing

54
Q

what does the abducent nerve do?

A

motor supply to one muscle that moves the globe

55
Q

what would a problem in the abducent nerve present as?

A

problems with eye movements

56
Q

what does the cavernous sinus do?

A

drains venous blood

57
Q

what does the internal carotid artery do?

A

blood to brain and orbit including glove

58
Q

what would happen if dura mater was damaged?

A

CSF leak

2 Anatomy (28 decks)

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