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2 Anatomy > Urinary Incontinence and Renal System Pain > Flashcards

Urinary Incontinence and Renal System Pain Flashcards

1
Q

what muscles of the renal system are controlled by motor nerves?

A

internal urethral sphincter
detrusor muscle
ureteric smooth muscle

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2
Q

name the 5 types of nerve fibre

A 
somatic sensory
somatic motor
visceral afferent
parasympathetic
sympathetic
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3
Q

another word for an afferent nerve?

A

sensory nerve

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4
Q

another word for an efferent nerve?

A

motor nerve

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5
Q

any nerve supplying skeletal muscle would be a…

A

somatic motor nerve

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6
Q

motor supply to smooth muscle?

A

always parasympathetics

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7
Q

what type of motor nerves supply the urethra and why?

A

proximal urethra = visceral afferent because it is in the pelvis
distal = somatic motor because it is in the perineum which is a body wall structure

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8
Q

what type of sensory nerves supply the urethra and why?

A

visceral afferents mainly however if the pain/sensation is from the scrotum it will be somatic sensory

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9
Q

what is the main sensory nerve for pain?

A

visceral afferent

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10
Q

motor and sensory supply to the perineum?

A

somatic sensory and motor nerves

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11
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

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12
Q

how many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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13
Q

somatic motor and sensory nerves are carried the entire length of the spinal cord T or F

A

T

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14
Q

autonomics exit at each length of the spinal cord: T or F

A

F, sympathetic is only thoracolumbar and parasymp is craniosacral

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15
Q

sympathetic nerve fibres leave the CNS via what spinal levels?

A

T1-L2

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16
Q

sympathetic fibres reach smooth muscle/glands of the body wall via what fibres?

A

spinal nerves

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17
Q

sympathetic fibres leave the muscle/glands of the body (not wall) via what fibres?

A

splanchnic nerves

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18
Q

give 2 examples of splanchnic nerves

A

cardiopulmonary

abdominopelvic

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19
Q

sympathetic fibres get to the muscles gland of the head via what fibres?

A

they follow arteries

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20
Q

what does the rami communicans do?

A

allows the symp fibre to get from the spinal nerve to sympathetic chain

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21
Q

presynaptic sympathetics to the kidneys, ureters and bladder will leave the spinal cord at what vertebral levels?

A

T10-L2

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22
Q

what do the presynaptic sympathetics to the kidneys, ureters and bladder do after leaving the sympathetic chain?

A

leave with abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

synapse in the abdominal symp ganglia

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23
Q

where is the abdominal sympathetic ganglia located?

A

around the abdo aorta

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24
Q

where do the POSTsynaptic sympathetics to the bladder, ureters and kidneys go after synapsing?

A

hitch a ride with the respective arteries of the organ

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25
Q

what is a periarterial plexus?

A

collection of nerve fibres found on the outside of arteries

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26
Q

parasympathetic fibres leave the CNS within what nerves?

A

CN 3, 7, 9, 10

S2, 3, 4

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27
Q

parasympathetics innervate the body wall T or F

A

F, the body wall only receives sympathetic fibres

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28
Q

how do parasympathetics supply the chest?

A

via the vagus nerve

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29
Q

anything above what structure is supplied by the vagus nerve as its parasympathetic fibre?

A

splenic flexure

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30
Q

anything below the pelvis flexure is supplied by what fibre as their parasympathetic innervation?

A

pelvic splanchnic nerves

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31
Q

abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves are the same as pelvic splanchnic nerves T or F

A

F!! abdominopelvic are sympathetic and pelvic are parasympathetic

32
Q

parasympathetic supply to kidneys and ureters?

A

CN X

33
Q

parasympathetic supply to bladder?

A

pelvic splanchnic nerves

34
Q

the only part of the renal system that receives a somatic motor supply is…

A

the external urethral sphincter and distal urethra (because it is in the perineum)

35
Q

pain from what structure will be felt from the “loin to the groin”?

A

ureter

36
Q

pain from what structure will be felt in the loin?

A

kidney

37
Q

pain from the bladder is felt where?

A

suprapubic region in the midline

38
Q

how do visceral afferents get back to the spinal cord?

A

mainly follow sympathetics but in some cases can accompany parasympathetics

39
Q

visceral afferent nerves enter the spinal cord between what spinal levels?

A

T1 and L1

40
Q

why is pain felt in the loin in the kidney?

A

pain is felt in the dermatome levels of T1-L1 (where the visceral afferent fibres enter the spinal cord)

41
Q

a structure can only be in the pelvic pain line if…

A

it is in contact with the peritoneum

42
Q

visceral afferents from the ureters enter the spinal cord at what spinal levels?

A

T11-L2

43
Q

visceral afferents from the bladder enter the spinal cord at what spinal levels?

A

T11-L2

44
Q

visceral afferents of what organs (specifically) travels with parasympathetics to get back to the spinal cord?

A

the part of the bladder that is not in the pelvic pain line AND the proximal urethra

45
Q

why are the testes’ visceral afferent fibres carried to the spinal cord by sympathetics and not parasympathetics?

A

the originate embryologically higher up in the abdomen ie above the pelvic pain line

46
Q

somatic sensory fibres from the distal urethra and perineum get back to the spinal cord via what nerve?

A

pudental

47
Q

visceral afferents from the testis enter the spinal cord at what levels?

A

T10-11

48
Q

what is pain in the kidneys like?

A

dull, achy

49
Q

what is the pain from bladder like?

A

dull, achy and suprapubic

50
Q

where can pain from the testes radiate to?

A

groin and anterior lower abdomen

51
Q

nerve fibres entering and leaving the spinal cord at what levels are key for urine flow?

A

S2-4

52
Q

visceral afferent fibres enter the spinal cord at…

A

S2-4

53
Q

how does the body know the bladder is full?

A

via stretch receptors at the end of visceral afferent fibres

54
Q

what does the body do to tell us to empty our bladder?

A

stimulates the detrusor muscle

inhibits the internal urethral sphincter (males only)

55
Q

anatomical word for peeing?

A

micturition

56
Q

what type of nerve contracts the detrusor muscle and IUS?

A

parasympathetic

57
Q

what role do somatic motor fibres play in micturition?

A

contraction of anterolateral abdo muscles

58
Q

the pudental nerve arises from the ___ plexus

A

sacral

59
Q

the sciatic nerve arises from the ___ plexus

A

sacral

60
Q

nerve roots for sciatic nerve?

A

L4-S3

61
Q

the genitofemoral nerve arises on the anterior surface of what muscle?

A

psoas major

62
Q

what nerve sits lateral to the psoas major?

A

femoral nerve

63
Q

what nerve sits medial to the psoas major?

A

obturator

64
Q

what nerves of the lumbar plexus at L2-L4?

A

genitofemoral
femoral
obturator

65
Q

which nerve is given off first in the lumbar plexus?

A

iliohypogastric

66
Q

mnemonic for the lumbar plexus?

A 
ItcHy - iIlioHypogastric
IGor - IlioinGuinal
Gets - Genitofemoral
Laid - Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
On - Obturator
Fridays - Femoral
67
Q

which nerves of the lumbar plexus come off the lumbar plexus at L1?

A

iliohypogastric

ilioinguinal

68
Q

only nerve of the lumbar plexus to come off at L3?

A

lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (comes off at L2)

69
Q

what does the femoral nerve pass under to get into the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

inguinal ligament

70
Q

what does the obturator nerve pass through to get to the thigh?

A

obturator foramen

71
Q

what nerve supplies sensation to the plantar aspect of the foot?

A

tibial

72
Q

what supplies most of the sensation to dorsum of the foot?

A

superficial fibular

73
Q

what supplies most of the sensation to the lateral foot?

A

sural nerve

74
Q

what forms the sural nerve?

A

tibial and common fibular nerves

75
Q

name the only area of the foot supplied by the deep fibular nerve?

A

1st web space

2 Anatomy (28 decks)

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