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S&D1 > Block1b > Flashcards

Block1b Flashcards

1
Q

Vancomycin and Teicoplanin are what?

A

Glycopeptides

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2
Q

Vancomycin does not go where, can enter bone, has therapeutic concentrations when the meninges are inflammed

A

CSF

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3
Q

Clostridium difficile has what drug against it?

A

Metronidazole

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4
Q

Name problems that results from Vancomycin, it should not be given how?

A

Intramusculary, Ototoxicity, Nephrotoxicity, Red Man Syndrome (Type I HSR)

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5
Q

What drugs can be given if Vancomycin resistant happens?

A

Linezolid and Quinupristin/Daflopristin

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6
Q

What drug inhibits cell wall synthesis, active against various Gram + bacteria, only topical because it can be toxic to the kidneys?

A

Bacitracin

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7
Q

Fosfomycin, inhibits what? Ok during pregnancy, active against gram positive and negative

A

Bacterial cell wall synthesis, oral preparations are available

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8
Q

What drug causes dose related central nervous system toxicity, treats TB?
Inhibits incorporation of _________ into peptidoglycan pentapeptide

A

Cycloserine

D-alanine

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9
Q

Daptomycin has what ADR? Active against what strains?

What is the mechanism of Daptomycin?

A

Myopathy, Vancomycin Resistant

Binds to the cell membrane and depolarizes membrane, binds to phosphotidaylglycerol (IDR)

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10
Q

What is cystitis?

A

Infection of the bladder

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11
Q

No drugs cross the CNS except what?

A

Cefuroxime

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12
Q

Plague and Brucellosis is treated with what drugs (name 2)?

A

Streptomycin and Doxycycline

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13
Q

TB and Tularemia is treated with what drug?

A

Streptomycin

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14
Q

What Drug combination is used for Pseudomonal infections?

A

Tobracyclin plus an antipseudomonal penicillin (Piperacillin and Ticarcillin)

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15
Q

What drug combination would work with an entercoccus infection?

A

Gentamyocin/Streptomycin and ampicilin/penicilinG or Vancomycin

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16
Q

What two drug classes go after the 30S subunit via bacterial translation?

A

Tetracycline and Aminoglycosides

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17
Q

What endings do the aminoglycosides have?

What endings do the tetracyclines have?

A
  • mycin, -in (aminoglycosides)

- cyclines

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18
Q

True or False: Tetracyclines are broad spectrum?

A

True

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19
Q

Neissera, H. Pylori, H. Ducrei, Brucella, and V. cholerae can be stopped by what?

A

Tetracyclines

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20
Q

What drug class is preferred against Mycoplasma?

A

Tetracyclines

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21
Q

What tetracyclines are completely absorbed?

How is absorption impaired?

A

Minocycline, Doxycycline

Dairy Foods and antacids

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22
Q

What drug is eliminated by the liver, best overall tetracycline, helpful with prostatitis?

A

Doxycycline

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23
Q

What tetracycline is useful in eliminating meningococcal state? But what drug is preferred?

A

Minocycline, but like Rifampin

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24
Q

What is the drug of choice for chylamida and Rickettsaie?

Tetracyclines are first line drugs for Mycoplasma pneumonia and what else?

A

Doxycycline

Lyme Disease (Spirochete)

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25
Q

What is the drug of choice for Plague (Yersenia pestis)?

A

Streptomycin (Aminoglycoside, attacks 30S subunit)

26
Q

What drug is used for Brucellosis and decrease bacterial shedding (cholera), and Granuloma inguinale?

A

Doxycycline

27
Q

What are therapeutic uses for tetracyclines?

A

H. pylori, chronic bronchitis, and malaria

28
Q

What is an adverse drug effect of tetracycline in children (less than 9 years old)? Can give in pregnancy?

A

Tooth enamel dysplasia

Cannot give in pregnancy

29
Q

What drug causes Diabetes insipidus?

What is another renal problem via outdated preparations?

A

demeclocyclin

Fanconi syndrome

30
Q

What are two adverse effects of tetracyclines?

A

Phototoxicity and Pseudomembranous colitis (super infections, higher with tetracyclines)

31
Q

What two tetracyclines cause Hepatotoxicity?

A

Oxytetracycline and tetracycline

32
Q

What tetracycline drugs cause vestibular toxicity (reversible)?

A

Minocycline and doxycycline

33
Q

Is tetracycline a bacterial-static or bacterialsidic?

A

Bacterial-static

34
Q

What type of drugs are the -thromycin? What type of drugs are -mycin?

A

Macrolides

Aminoglycosides

35
Q

What two drug classes bind to the 30 ribosomal subunit?

A

Aminoglycosides (-mycin), tetracyclines (-cyclines)

36
Q

What drug is called a ketolide? What drugs are called macrolides?

A

Telithromycin

Erythromycin, Clarithomycin, Roxithromycin, Azithromycin

37
Q

Erythromycin was what shortcomings?

Replaced by what drugs?

A

Poor bio-availability, frequent dosing, poor GI tolerability, not that great with H. influenzae

Clathiromycin and Azthyromicin

38
Q

What is the mechanism of action with macrolides?

A

inhibits aminoacyl translocation and the formation of initiation complexes

39
Q

What macrolide inhibits Gram positive, Gram negative, and other typical organisms?

A

Erythromycin

40
Q

What macrolide fights M. avium, H. pylori?

A

Clarithromycin

41
Q

Diptheria (over 14 days), Bordetella Pertussis, Mycoplasma pneumonia, chlamydial infections, and syphilis are treated by what macrolide?
Binds to what receptors in the GI, increases GI motility?

A

Erythromyicn

Motilin Receptors

42
Q

What macrolide is used to fight community acquired pneumonia, pharynigitis, skin infections, and chlamyidal infections?

A

Azithromycin, really like single dose here

43
Q

Macrolides are really good for patients that have what allergy?

A

Penicillin allergy

44
Q

What are the adverse effects of macrolides?

A

Epigastric distress, cholestatic jaundice (estolate), and prolong QT interval and arrhythmias

45
Q

Erythromycin and Clarithromycin inhibit what enzymes?

A

CYP450

46
Q

Theophylline, Warfarin, Terfenadine, Astemizole, Carbamazepine, cyclosporine are inhibited via the metabolism of what drugs?

What drug levels are increased via these drug breakdowns?

A

Erythromycin and Clarithromycin

Digoxin, increasing the reabsorption via enterohepatic circulation

47
Q

What drug has Pseudomembranous colitis as a severe drug reaction?

A

Clindamycin

48
Q

What drug works against anaerobes, not a macrolide, with bacteroides fragilis, toxoplasmosis, and fighting osteomyelitis?

A

Clindamycin, narrow spectrum

49
Q

What drug binds to 50S ribosomal subunit and blocks the action of peptidyl transferase and thus prevents amino acid incorporation into newly formed peptides?

A

Chloramphenicol

50
Q

What drug treats meningococcal meningitis, bacterocide infections in combination with penicillin (brain infection),
Rickettsial diseases, Typhoid fever - Salmonella,
Haemophilus infections, Mycoplasma infections?

What are the bad side effects?

A

Chloramphenicol

Bone marrow suppression (aplastic anemia) and Gray Baby syndrome

51
Q

Linezolid binds to what? What are the main reasons to use this drug?

A

50S subunit and prevents the 70S subunit formation

VRSA and VRE, drug resistant pneumococci, Myobacterium Tuberculosis

52
Q

What are the adverse effects of Linezolid?

A

Thrombocytopenia and inhibits MAO (dont eat tyramine food) a derivative of tyrosine foods

53
Q

What are drug has two subunits that is reserved for VRE, MRSA, and multi-drug resistant streptococci? Bind to what part?
Bactericidal long what _____________

A

post-antibiotic effect

54
Q

Q/D is available through what route? Inhibits what? Has what adverse effects

A

Parenteral route

Inhibits cytochrome P450

Thrombophlebitis, hyperbilirubinemia, arthralgia, and myalgia
(joint pain and muscle pain)

55
Q

What medication is a direct inhibitor of nucleic acid synthesis? What is the mechanism of action? What type of species does the medication work against?

A

Quinolones
Gyrase (Topoisomerase II)
Gram negative

56
Q

What is the primary quinolone medication?

What are the adverse medications?

A

Nalidixic Acid
Neurological Toxicity: Seizures
Hemolysis in Glucose 6-phosphate deficiency patients

57
Q

What ending do Fluroquinolones have?

What fluroquinolone is not used due to hepatic toxicity?

A

-Floxacin

Trovafloxacin

58
Q

Fluroquinolones are concentration dependent killing and rely on what kind of an effect?

A

Post antibiotic effect

59
Q

What do fluroquinolones inhibit?

A

DNA gyrase

60
Q

Typhoid fever, UTI (resistant to cotrimoxazole), Gastroenteritis, skin, soft tissues, bone infections, upper/lower respiratory tract infections?

A

Fluroquinolones, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin

61
Q

What three therapeutic uses are there for ciprofloxacin?

A

Anthrax, Gonorrhea, and TB

62
Q

What ADR are there for Fluoroquinolones?

A

Cartilage damage, tendonitis, photoxicity, CNS, Liver Failure, and long QT interval

S&D1 (17 decks)

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