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S&D1 > Antiprotozoal drugs-block1 > Flashcards

Antiprotozoal drugs-block1 Flashcards

1
Q

Pyrimethamine and Sulfadoxine are the drugs of choice against what disease?

A

Malaria

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2
Q

Diloxanide furoate, Iodoquinol, Paromomycin

are what kind of drugs?

A

Luminal Amebicidal Drugs, they act on the parasite in the lumen of the bowel (small and large intestine)

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3
Q

SYSTEMIC AMEBICIDAL DRUGS : effective against amebas in the intestinal wall and liver. Name two and where they work

A

Chloroquine- liver only

Emetine and dehydroemetine (liver and intestine) – cardiotoxic

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4
Q

Metronidazole, Tinidazole, Secnidazole, Ornidazole are what type of drugs?

A

MIXED : LUMINAL+ SYSTEMIC AMEBICIDAL DRUGS

effective against both luminal and systemic forms

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5
Q

Where does metronidazole travel in the body?

A

Throughout the body, including liver, CNS

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6
Q

Name what three infections Metronidazole work on?

A

Giardiasis, Pseudomembranous colitis, and anaerobic infections

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7
Q

Metronidazole has what adverse effects?

A

Disulfiram like reactions, when taken with alcohol, teratogenicity, and neurotoxicity

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8
Q

What is the difference between Tinidazole and metronidazole?

A

Tinidazole has a shorter course of treatment, covers the same shenanigans as Metronidazole

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9
Q

What does Diloxanide furoate treat? What type of drug is it?

What as an ADR?

A

intestinal (luminal) amebiasis, asymptomatic cysts passers

Flatulence, pruritus, no to pregnant women and children

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10
Q

What type of drug is Iodoquinol? What does it treat?

What will prolonged use cause?

A

Luminal amebicide

luminal trophozoites and cysts of Entamoeba histolytica

goiter and iodism

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11
Q

What type of drug is Paromomycin?
What is it active against?
Doesnt have an effect on what?

A

aminoglycoside, not absorbed in the GIT
Tape worms, cryptospirdiosis

no good against extraintestinal amebic infections

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12
Q

What drug is better Paromycin or Diloxanide furoate?

A

Paromycin, better at clearing infections

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13
Q

What drug is used in the treatment of giardiasis & cryptosporidiosis (most effective)? Blocks the electron chain through PFOR

A

Nitazoxanide

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14
Q

Chloroquine
Emetine
Dehydroemetine
are useful for what?

A

Useful for treating amebic liver abscesses or intestinal wall infections caused by amebas

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15
Q

What drug is used in combination with Metronidazole and Diloxanoide furoate/ Iodoquinol to treat and prevent amebic liver abscess?

A

Chloroquine

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16
Q

Emetine and Dehydroemetine inhibit what?
What type of drugs are they?
What toxic effects are there?

A

inhibit protein synthesis by blocking chain elongation
Systemic Ambecides
Generic toxicity, cardiotoxicity, CHF

17
Q

What does Iodoquinol, Paromomycin, or Diloxanide furoate treat?

A

Asymptomatic cysts carriers

18
Q

What does metronidazole + Iodoquinol/Paromomycin + Diloxanide treat?

A

Diarrhea/Dysentery Extraintestinal

19
Q

What does metronidazole + Chloroquine/emetine + Luminal amebicide treat with patients?

A

Amebic liver abscess

20
Q

What disease is caused by Giardia lamblia? What is another name for it?
What is the DOC?

A

Giardiasis
Bacpacker’s Diarrhea
Metronidazole/Tinidazole

21
Q

What is the DOC for Giardiasis in Children? Pregnant patients?

A

Children: Nitazoxanide/Furazolidone

Pregnant Patients: paromomycin

22
Q

What is the DOC for Toxoplasmosis?

A

Pyrimethamine + Sulfadiazine(or clindamycin)

23
Q

Toxoplasmosis induces what kind of vitamin deficiency? Can be bad with what kind of patients?

A

Folate, folinic acid can be given to prevent problems

AIDS patients

24
Q

Cryptosporidium parvum causes chronic _______ in AIDS patients. ________ and _________ can be given.

A

diarrhea

Nitazoxanide
Paromomycin

25
Q

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (slow to enter_____)
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (early invasion of the )
What type of disease is this?

A

CNS

CNS
African Sleeping Sickness

26
Q

American sleeping sickness (_____________)
Caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and Common in ______
Causes cardiomyopathy and heart failure
Treated with ________________ and _________

A

Chagas disease

Infants

Nifurtimox (only disease this drug treats), Benznidazole

27
Q

What is mechanism of action for Nifurtimox?

What are the big adverse reactions?

What drug is very similar to Nifurtimox?

A

Generate highly reactive oxygen radicals which are toxic to the organism

paresthesia, polyneuritis, and seizures

Benznidazole

28
Q

What does Suramin do?

What are the ADR?

A

inhibits many enzymes involved in energy metabolism for African trypanosomiasis

Hematuria, Cylindruria

29
Q

What drug reacts with sulfahydryl groups of various substances including enzymes in the organism, leading to toxic effect on the organism?

What disease does this treat?

What are the ADR?

A

Melarsoprol

Trypanosoma

CNS toxicity, Hypersensitivity reactions, and GIT disturbances

30
Q

What drug is active against Trypanosoma brucei gambiense?

What is the MOA?

Can have what kind of toxicity? Does not go where?

A

Pentamidine

Interferes with the synthesis of RNA, DNA, phospholipids, and protein by the parasite

Nephrotoxicity, CSF

31
Q

Leishmaniasis is treated with what drug? What is an alternative drug?

A

Sodium stibogluconate

Pentamidine and amphotericin B

32
Q

What is the MOA of Sodium Stibogluconate?

What are the ADR?

A

MOA: Inhibits glycolysis in the parasite…

Cardiac Arrhythmia and Renal/Hepatic toxicity

33
Q

What is the main drug to treat Malaria?

A

Chloroquine

34
Q

What drugs are used for chloroquine resistant regions?

What are the ADR for this drug?

A

mefloquine and Artemisinin

Mefloquine: Seizures

35
Q

________ is used to eliminate liver hypnozoites after for terminal prophylaxis and (radical) cure from malaria

What are the ADR?

A

Primaquine

Allergic RXN, GI otherwise

S&D1 (17 decks)

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