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S&D1 > Block2 intro to path > Flashcards

Block2 intro to path Flashcards

1
Q

cause of disease

A

etiology

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2
Q

mechanism of disease is what?

A

pathogenesis

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3
Q

structural alteration induced in cells and tissues by the disease

A

morphologic change

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4
Q

functional consequences of the morphologic changes

A

clinical significance

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5
Q

Without or lack of formation

A

aplasia

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6
Q

a localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by the disintegration of tissue

A

abscess

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7
Q

a malignant tumor of epithelial cells arranged in glandular patterns

A

adenocarcinoma

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8
Q

a benign epithelial tumor in which the cells form glandular structures or are derived from glandular epithelium

A

adenoma

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9
Q

What is ante mortem?

What is post morten?

A

before death

after death

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10
Q

defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue?

A

aplasia

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11
Q

what is closed, absence of a normal opening or normally patent lumen?

A

atresia

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12
Q

what is self-dissolution; the post-mortem enzymatic degradation of cells?

A

autolysis

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13
Q

a group of neoplastic disease in which there is a transformation of normal cells into malignant cells. The cells proliferate in an abnormal way resulting in a malignant, cellular tumor

A

cancer

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14
Q

Having consistency like that of cottage cheese?

A

Caseous

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15
Q

an abnormal sac filled with gas, filled with gas, fluid, or semi-solid material that is lined by a membrane?

A

cyst

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16
Q

The causative agent in a lesion is what?

A

Etiology

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17
Q

An abnormal, tube-like passage from a hollow organ to the surface, or from one organ to another?

A

Fistula

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18
Q

What is a localized collection of extravasated blood, usually clotted?

A

Hematoma

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19
Q

What is the presence of an increased amount of blood in a part or an organ?

A

hyperemia

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20
Q

What is occurring without known cause?

A

Idiopathic

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21
Q

What is a localized area of ischemic necrosis produced by the occlusion of the blood vessels- either arterial supply or venous drainage?

A

Infarct

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22
Q

What is a local deficiency of blood due in part to functional constriction or actual mechanical obstruction of a blood vessel?

A

Ischemia

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23
Q

What is stones formation in tissue or organ?

A

Lithiasis

Colicky is a thing here

24
Q

What is the interpretation of the abnormalities in terms of severity, time, lesion, and anatomic site. For example: severe, chronic, glomerulonephritis

A

morphologic diagnosis

25
Q

What is the morphologic changes indicative of cell death indicted by characteristic nuclear and cytoplasmic change?

A

necrosis

26
Q

What is the examination of a body after death?

A

Necropsy

27
Q

What is upper urinary tract stones that involve the renal pelvis and extend into at lest 2 calyces are classified as staghorn calculi?

A

Nephrolithiasis

28
Q

What is a gross, pale, wedge shape, copulative necrosis?

A

Renal Infarct

29
Q

What is a small projection containing fibrovascular core of connective tissue?

A

Papillary

30
Q

What is a small circumscribed, solid, elevated lesion of the skin?

A

Papules

31
Q

What is the sequence of events that leads to a disease or morbid process. It may be, for example, hormonal, chemical infections, genetic or traumatic in nature?

A

Pathogenesis

32
Q

Neoplasia can be malignant or ______

Cancer is ______

A

benign

malignant

33
Q

What is inflammation of the vein?

A

phlebitis

34
Q

What is an increase in the number of cells in a tissue organ, usually as a physiologic response to a stimulus?

A

Hyperplasia

35
Q

This spheroidal mass protrudes upwards or outward from a normal surface. _______ may be hyperplastic, inflammatory, or neoplastic?

A

Polyp

36
Q

What is a protein-rich liquid inflammation product comprised leukocytes (neutrophils), a thin fluid and cellular debris?

A

Pus

37
Q

What is a prediction of the outcome of the pathological process or disease?

A

Prognosis

38
Q

an infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells into an area of chronic inflammation characterized by mononuclear cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, and even plasma cells

A

Pyogranuloma

39
Q

What is having a saw like edge?

A

Serrated

40
Q

What is attached by a broad base?

A

Sessile

41
Q

What is pus containing oftens follows a bacterial infection and liquefactive necrosis?

A

Suppurative

42
Q

What is a clot of material that breaks free from primary site, is transported in the bloodstream and become lodged and adhered at a secondary site?

A

Thromboembolus

43
Q

What is having a local defect or excavation of the epithelium of an organ or tissue through the basement membrane?

A

Ulcerated

44
Q

What is a benign, focal malformation that resemble neoplasm in the tissue of its origin?

A

Harmartoma

45
Q

What is noncancerous growths that form due to abnormal collection of blood vessels?

A

Hemangiomas

46
Q

What is a mass of histologically normal tissue present at an abnormal location?

A

Choristoma

47
Q

What is a type of germ cell tumor made up of a heterogeneous mixture of tissues from one or more of the germ cell layers?

A

Teratoma

48
Q

Pyknosis is what?

A

condensation of chromatin

49
Q

Karyorrhexis is what?

A

fragmentation of nuclear material

50
Q

Karyolysis is what?

A

lysis of chromatin due to the action nucleases

51
Q

Creatine Phosphokinase-MB isozyme (CPK-MB); Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH); Troponin I and T, Myoglobin
are seen in what?

A

heart attacks

52
Q

What does ALT and AST that are elevated?

A

Hepatitis

53
Q

What does Pancreatitis have an elevated level of?

A

Amylase and lipase

54
Q

Biliary tract obstruction has what elevation?

A

Alkaline Phosphatase

55
Q

What can mediate a direct attack on a target cell and initiate a self destruction cascade?

A

cytotoxic T cells and NK cells

56
Q

Protein malnutrition is what disease?

A

Kwashiorkor

57
Q

What is protein-calorie deficiency?

A

Marasmus

S&D1 (17 decks)

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