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MET 2 > Appetite > Flashcards

Appetite Flashcards

1
Q

How is the hypothalamus involved in feeding

A

Integrates the peripheral satiety signals

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2
Q

Name 6 things that the hypothalamus influences in order to regulate metabolic rate

A
  • Pituitary function
  • Feeding
  • Stress response
  • Water balance
  • Sleep-wake cycle
  • Thermoregulation
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3
Q

What is the main centre for appetite regulation in hypothalamus

A

Arcuate nucleus

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4
Q

What 2 systems make up the arcuate nucleus

A

NPY/ Agouti related peptide

Cocaine related transcript and pro-opiomelanocortin

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5
Q

What % is BMI heriditable

A

30-70

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6
Q

Where is agouti related peptide (AgRP) found

A

In the hypothalmus co-current with cells producing NPY

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7
Q

Effect of insulin levels on AgRP?

A

Insulin causes drop in AgRP levels

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8
Q

What is meant by orexigenis

A

Appetite stimulating

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9
Q

What is meant by anorexigenic

A

Appetite inhibiting

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10
Q

What molecules are orexigenic

A

NPY
AgRP
MCH

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11
Q

What molecules are anorexigenic

A

POMC

CART

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12
Q

What is Pomc

A

Proopiomelanocortin

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13
Q

What does POMC modify to become? What is action of the modified molecule?

A

Melanocortins

Binds to metlanocortin receptors

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14
Q

Give an example of melanocortin receptor

A

MCR4

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15
Q

What happens to mice and humans who are deficient in POMC

A

Develop hyperphagia and obesity

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16
Q

What is considered the predominant POMC derived product which controls energy balance

A

Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating-hormone

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17
Q

In what percentage of the following groups is an MC4R mutation found

a) obese adults
b) obses children

A

a) 0.5-2.5%

b) 5%

18
Q

Is serotonin anorexigenic or orexigenic?

A

Anorexigenic

19
Q

Which receptors does serotonin/ 5HT act

A

Htr1b and HTr2c

20
Q

What happens when serotonin acts on its receptors

A
  • Increases signalling from POMC neurones

- Decreases AgRP neuron signalling

21
Q

Where is ghrelin secreted from

A

Stomach

22
Q

Where are ghrelin receptors found

A

NPY neurons

23
Q

Action of ghrelin

A

Stimulates NPY

Increases food intake both directly and via vagal nerve

24
Q

Does PYY 3-36 inhibit or increase food intake

A

Inhibit

25
Q

Describe the process by which PYY 3-36 inhibits food intake

A
  • PYY 3-36 synthesised in gut
  • PYY reaches hypothalamus
  • PYY inhibits NPY neurones and stimulates POMC neurones
  • Food intake declines
26
Q

Where is glucagon like peptide released from

A

L cells in the gut lining

27
Q

What is the action of GLP-1

A

Interacts to inhibit NpY and stimulates PoMC

28
Q

What receptor does PYY act on

A

Y2R receptor

29
Q

What is the action of PYY

A

Inhibits NpY and stimulates PoMC`

30
Q

What does CCK stand for

A

Cholecystokinin

31
Q

Where is CCK secreted from?

A

Type 1 enteroendocrine cells in duodenum and small intestine

32
Q

Does CCK supress or improve appetite

A

Supresses

33
Q

Where is the hormone leptin secreted from

A

Adipose tissue

34
Q

What two genetic defects to do with leptin have been identified

A
  • Defective leptin [ob]

- Defective receptor [db]

35
Q

Describe the phenotype of ob/ob and db/db mice (9)

A
  • Obese
  • Increased appetite
  • Insulin resistance and diabetes
  • Hyperlipidaemia
  • Hypertension
  • Hypothermia
  • Infertility
  • Over expression of orexigenics
  • Decreased expression of POMC
36
Q

What is the effect of leptin and insulin on AGRP levels

A

Decrease in AGRP levels

37
Q

What happens if you inject congenitally leptin deficient children with leptin

A

Normalisation of body weight and fat mass

38
Q

What controls level of malonyl CoA?

A

AMPK

Calcium regulated

39
Q

Effect of cannabinoids on appetite and consumption of food

A

Increase appetite and consumption of food

40
Q

What is the receptor for cannabinoids in the brain

A

CB1

41
Q

What is the impact of CB1 activity in hunger centre

A

Increases palatability of food

MET 2 (32 decks)

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