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MET 2 > Kidney embryology > Flashcards

Kidney embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What two ductal structures develop in both male and female embryo

A

Wolffian/ Mesonephric ducts

Paramesonephric/ Mullerian ducts

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2
Q

Where does mesenchyme run on the embryo

A

On either side of the embryo

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3
Q

How do the ducts behave in female embryos

A

Mesonephric duct degenerates apart from lower portion which forms uteric bud
Paramesonerphic duct forms oviduct

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4
Q

How do ducts behave in male embryo

A

Mesenophric duct forms the male reproductive truct and uteric bud
Paramesonephric duct degenerates

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5
Q

How many kidney develop in the embryo

A

3

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6
Q

What is the final, fully developed kidney called

A

Metanephric kidney

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7
Q

What kidney do you start off with embryo-logically

A

Pronephric kidney

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8
Q

Which two embryological kidneys form a duct system

A

Pronephric

Mesonephric

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9
Q

Where are all 3 embryological kidneys formed from

A

Mesonephric duct

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10
Q

What 2 embryonic structures is the metanephric kidney derived from?

A

Uteric bud from mesonephric duct

Metanephric bud derived from mesenchyme

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11
Q

What is the site called where uteric bud comes into contact with mesenchyme

A

Metanephric bud

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12
Q

What is derived from the uteric bud?

A
  • Uterer
  • Renal pelvis
  • Major and minor calices
  • Collecting tubules
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13
Q

What is derived from metanephric bud

A
  • Glomerulus and capillaries
  • Bowmans capsule
  • PCT
  • Loop of henle
  • DCT
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14
Q

How many collecting tubules are found in kidney

A

1-3 million

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15
Q

What do the major calyces bifurcate to form

A

Minor calyces

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16
Q

What do minor calyces split to form

A

Collecting tubules

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17
Q

What happens when mesenchyme comes into contact with the collecting tubule

A

It elongates

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18
Q

What happens once the kidney has formed

A

It ascends within the embryo

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19
Q

What happens as kidney grows and enlarges

A

It open out and moves upwards within embryo until it reaches final resting region

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20
Q

Where does metanephros develop

A

S1

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21
Q

What is final location of kidney

A

Upper lumbar region

22
Q

What is failure for kidney to ascend known as

A

Ectopic kidney

23
Q

What happens to renal arteries as kidneys ascend

A
  • Existing renal arteries degenerate in sacral region

- As kidney moves upwards new renal arteries form

24
Q

When does kidney in embryo become functional

A

End of first trimester

25
Q

What happens to urine in embryo

A

Urine passed into amniotic cavity mixes with fluid
Swallowed by foetus
Passes through kidney and back into amniotic fluid

26
Q

What organ performs excretory functions in utero

A

Placenta (not kidney)

27
Q

Define kidney agenesis

A

Failure of kidney to form, often associated with uteric bud formation

28
Q

Is kidney agenesis common or rare

A

Fairly common (1 in 1000)

29
Q

What is bilateral agenesis

A

When both kidney fail to develop

30
Q

Can the baby survive after birth if it has bilateral agenesis

A

no

31
Q

What usually causes bilateral agenesis

A

Failure of uteric bud to form on both sides

32
Q

How many babies are born with bilateral agenesis

A

1 in 10,000

33
Q

As well as not having a kidneys, what other defects are associated with bilateral agenesis

A

Failure of lungs and club foot because no kidneys to produce amniotic fluid in the womb

34
Q

What is bifid ureter

A

Ureter splits in two

35
Q

What can be formed from bifid ureter

A

One large kidney with 2 ureters or two completely separate ureters

36
Q

Incidence of bifid ureters?

A

2%

37
Q

Does bifid ureter impact on kidney function

A

No

38
Q

What is ectopic-pelvic kidney

A

One kidney remains in pelvic, but still functional

39
Q

What is horseshoe kidney

A

Kidneys fuse in pelvic region forming a single U shaped kidney.

40
Q

Why can’t horseshoe kidneys rise?

A

Due to position of inferior mesenteric artery

41
Q

Does horseshoe kidney function normally

A

Yes

42
Q

Incidence of ectopic kidney?

A

1 in 500 to 1 in 1290

43
Q

What % of ectopic kidneys are never detected

A

50

44
Q

What is polycystic kidney

A

Kidney develops fluid filled cysts

45
Q

What % of polycystic kidney patients have kidney failure by age 60

A

50

46
Q

How many people have autosomal dominant polycystic kidney

A

1: 1000

47
Q

How many people have autosomal recessive polycystic kidney

A

1: 20,000

48
Q

What % of mutations causing polycystic kidneys occur in polycystin/ PKD-1

A

85-90

49
Q

If the mutation of polycytic kidneys isn’t in PKD-1, what is it?

A

Polycystin-2/ PKD-2

50
Q

Define primary cillia

A

Single sensory cilia on a cell

51
Q

Describe the sequence by which the cyst on the kidneys in polycystic kidney grows

A
  • Cyst originates as dilations of intact tubule
  • Cyst enlarges and loses contact with nephron
  • Epithelium becomes secretory resulting in increased fluid secretion into lumen of cyst
  • Increased proliferation of cyst epithelium

MET 2 (32 decks)

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